The general objective was to investigate how maternal childhood and adulthood social class contribute to social inequalities in low birth weight, neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality, particularly the combined influence of childhood and adult class and a comparison of influence on outcomes with regard to time distance from birth. Analyses were performed on a large sample of Swedish bir...

This paper evaluates the impacts of unpaid maternity leave provisions of the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) on children's birth and infant health outcomes in the United States. My identification strategy uses variation in pre-FMLA maternity leave policies across states and variation in which firms are covered by FMLA provisions. Using Vital Statistics data and difference-in-difference...

BACKGROUND We aimed to establish whether socioeconomic gradients in smoking among men and women increase with age as a result of differential uptake, quitting and smoking persistence over time. METHODS A prospective British birth cohort (all births 3-9 March 1958) was followed to 41 years. Analyses of smoking at 41 years by socioeconomic position of origin include 10,521 participants and for ...

The inverse associations between birth weight and later adverse health outcomes and the positive associations between adult body size and poor health imply that increases in relative body size between birth and adulthood may be undesirable. In this paper, the authors describe life course path analysis, a method that can be used to jointly estimate associations between body sizes at different ti...

Background: Currently, frozen embryo transfers contribute an increasing rate of births from assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, very few studies evaluated the neonatal outcomes from frozen embryo transfer. This study aimed to investigate and compare the neonatal outcomes from frozen embryo transfer versus fresh embryo transfers. Materials and Method...

Background: Various studies have come to contradictory results regarding the relationship between maternal hemoglobin (Hb) level and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the birth outcomes among pregnant women who had normal hemoglobin levels in the first trimester of their pregnancy. Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, 108 healthy pregnant women wi...

We use household survey data and a unique census of institutionalized children to analyze the impact of abortion legalization in Romania. We exploit the lift of the abortion ban in December 1989, when communist dictator Ceausescu and his regime were removed from power, to understand its impact on children's health at birth and during early childhood and whether the lift of the ban had an immedi...

Introduction In the context of rising institutional births in India the question often raised is the quality of care in increasingly crowded labour wards. The success of a policy that encourages hospital birth depends on improved standards of medical care, and also crucially, an adequate level of service satisfaction on the part of women and their families. Not only does quality of care influen...

the prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy varies widely in different societies. to assess the incidence of self-reported physical, emotional and sexual violence in pregnancy and describe the association with maternal complication and birth outcomes, 3275 women who gave birth to live-born infants from october 2002 to november 2003 were assessed for self-reported violence in postpartum...

background: short birth intervals have been associated with adverse health outcomes, including infant, child and maternal mortality. objective:  we aimed to investigate the duration and determinants of inter birth intervals among women of reproductive age in yazd, iran. materials and methods:  a cluster sampling technique was used to select 400 ever-married women aged 15-49 years in yazd, islam...