Sir, A 40-year-old woman presented with low backache of five-year duration with pain in the knee, shoulder and ankle joints on both sides. On examination she was found to have thickened ear lobule with restricted mobility of pinna [Figure 1]. There was black pigmentation in the palmar aspect of the right index finger [Figure 2]. She also had hyperpigmented plaques with adherent scales in the le...

BACKGROUND A major portion of the catechins in green tea is not absorbed in the small intestine. Bacteria in the colon convert nonabsorbed catechins into simpler phenolic compounds, which may also be absorbed. During the production of black tea, most catechins are polymerized to complex molecules called thearubigins. Little is known about the microbial degradation of these complex polyphenols, ...

The first clear recognition that novel phenotypes may reflect discrete biochemical differences was provided by the English physician Archibald E. Garrod at the turn of the 20th century. In 1902, barely after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work, Garrod described a disease, alkaptonuria, in which affected patients produced urine that turned black upon exposure to air—a rather disconcerting symptom. ...

Two patients with urinary findings suggestive of alcaptonuria were observed. One was a two-year-old girl of Turkish descent, presenting with dark-stained diapers, black ear wax, and no other stated problem. The second was a 61-year-old North American Indian woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis, bluish sclerae, chronic renal failure, and dark urine. Diagnosis of alcaptonuria was confirm...

Abstract Curcumin (CCM), a culinary spice, is widely consumed for its health benefits managing oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome, arthritis, hyperlipidemia. However, due to extensive metabolism, the oral bioavailability of CCM very low. In this study, we developed rapid, sensitive, selective assay examine hypothesis that piperine improves after co‐ingestion. We selective...

Abstract The abundant amount and availability of human urine potentially can be re-used for water nutrient resources. Nutrient content in urine, primarily nitrogen phosphorus, cause eutrophication waters worsen the environment. Urine is not easy to managed separately because it usually integrated with black or domestic wastewater that flows sewer from households other public facilities. decline...

Alkaptonuria is believed to have been described as early as 1584 (Garrod 1923). Marcet in 1823 (Rose 1957) recorded the case ofa patient whose urine caused black stains on the clothing. An accurate account of the condition was given by Boedeker (1859), who described a patient with glycosuria in whom a second reducing substance was found in the urine. This he named “alkapton” on account of its b...

two urinary fistul? at root of the perns. Said tl.at about a month ago suddenly Ins penis became swollen causing retention of urine which lasted for two days, and then rupture of the urethra took place at the root, one on each side. No urine was coming through the meatus. On examination, catheter could not be passed beyond the root. A black thing just like the fold of a skill was seen deeply em...