We define a unit system for end-user spreadsheets that is based on the concrete notion of units instead of the abstract concept of types. Units are derived from header information given by spreadsheets. The unit system contains concepts, such as dependent units, multiple units, and unit generalization, that allow the classification of spreadsheet contents on a more fine-grained level than types...

The most comprehensive and often-cited statistic about the U.S. economy is gross domestic product (GDP), the sum of all goods and services produced in the United States. Estimates of GDP are the featured statistics in the National Income and Product Accounts, the construction of which involves the collection and aggregation of an immense amount of data. In the construction of real GDP, complica...

We investigate the combinatorics of a topological space that is generated by the set of edgeweighted finite trees. This space arises by multiplying the weights of edges on paths in trees and is closely connected to tree reconstruction problems involving finite state Markov processes. We show that this space is a contractible finite CW-complex whose face poset can be described via a partial orde...

Penicillium digitatum causes severe damage to postharvest and stored citrus fruits, making it necessary seek acceptable solutions limiting environmental sanitary impacts. The seaweed liquid extracts (SLEs) obtained from the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca have previously shown anti-fungal activities towards mold due P. digitatum. Moreover, treatment with aqueous ethanolic had an influence on dise...

As perennial fruits, oranges rank only behind grapes in terms of total area planted, volume and value of production in Sonora (SARH). Prior to NAFTA only a small portion of Sonora's orange crop was exported to the U.S., and the remainder was consumed in the fresh domestic market (Donnadieu). Profits per carton sold in Mexico were greater than those earned by Sonoran exports to the United States...

• Anthocyanin content was higher in cured blood oranges followed by storage at 9 °C. Curing treatment plus °C led to a flavonoid content. This concurred with enhanced upregulation of genes from the pathway. may be used enrich flavonoids orange juice. Anthocyanins are pigments present which can enriched post-harvest cold storage. Additionally, citrus fruits contain appreciable levels other flavo...

Equity has in many instances been framed around the notion of fairness. But the metric used to determine what is fair leaves some people at a disadvantage because the things that they value are not always taken properly into account. If I value mangoes and you value oranges is a measure of fairness based on how many oranges I seek appropriate? If I am expected to give up my love of mangoes in o...

We describe a novel system for grading oranges into three quality bands, according to their surface characteristics. This processing operation is currently the only non-automated step in citrus packing houses. The system must handle fruit with a wide range of size (55-100mm), shape (spherical to highly eccentric), surface coloration and defect markings. Furthermore, the point of stem attachment...

We describe the system control architecture of a large, orange harvesting robot. This robot has two independent electrically driven telescopic arms mounted on a common platform which is itself held by a large hydraulic arm. This arm, in turn, is mounted on a tracked vehicle. The telescopic arms have cameras within the end-eeectors, that are used to detect and to measure the position and distanc...