This study aimed to assess pharyngeal function between no bolus and bolus propofol induced sedation during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. A retrospective study was conducted involving consecutive gastric cancer patients. Patients in the no bolus group received a 3 mg/kg/h maintenance dose of propofol after the initiation of sedation without bolus injection. All patients in the bolus ...

BACKGROUND A detailed contrast bolus propagation model is essential for optimizing bolus-chasing Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Bolus characteristics were studied using bolus-timing datasets from Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) for adaptive controller design and validation. METHODS MRA bolus-timing datasets of the aorta in thirty patients were analyzed by a program developed with...

BACKGROUND The utility of combined oesophageal pressure-impedance recording has been enhanced by automation of data analysis. OBJECTIVE To understand how oesophageal function as measured by automated impedance manometry (AIM) pressure-flow analysis varies with bolus characteristics and subjective perception of bolus passage. METHODS Oesophageal pressure-impedance recordings of 5 and 10 ml l...

A three-dimensional (3D)-printed customized bolus (3D bolus) can be used for radiotherapy application to irregular surfaces. However, bolus fabrication based on computed tomography (CT) scans is complicated and also delivers unwanted irradiation. Consequently, we fabricated a bolus using a 3D scanner and evaluated its efficacy. The head of an Alderson Rando phantom was scanned with a 3D scanner...

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introduction: zinc (zn) is cofactor of more than 300 enzymes and is needed for growth, dna synthesis, immunity and other important cellular processes (wood, 2000). cobalt (co) has been demonstrated to be an essential nutrient for ruminants and is required by ruminal microorganisms for the synthesis of vitamin b12 (mcdowell, 2000). selenium is an integral component of the enzyme glutathione pero...

CONTEXT During swallowing, boluses stimulate sensory receptors of the oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions. Sweet and tasteless foods are more acceptable for swallowing than bitter foods. A bitter bolus is unpleasant for most subjects. Our hypothesis was that the ingestion of a bitter bolus might alter the oral behavior, pharyngeal and esophageal transit when compared to a sweet ...

BACKGROUND The esophagus has a different response in relation to the characteristics of a swallowed bolus. Bolus viscosity and body position may affect esophageal contraction and transit. Objectives To investigate the effect of bolus viscosity and body position on esophageal contraction, transit and perception. METHODS Esophageal contraction, transit and perception of transit were evaluated i...