To obtain blood pressure distribution for Iranian children, we assessed 10,288 students aged 6-13 years (4871 boys and 5417 girls) in Tehran. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed incremental increases with age, weight and height in both sexes. Mean increases in systolic blood pressure for boys and girls were 1.7 and 0.8 mmHg per year respectively and for diastolic blood pressure we...

The study examined whether the sex of older siblings influences the gender role development of younger brothers and sisters of age 3 years. Data on the Pre-School Activities Inventory, a measure of gender role behavior that discriminates within as well as between the sexes, were obtained in a general population study for 527 girls and 582 boys with an older sister, 500 girls and 561 boys with a...

conclusions these findings suggest that lean mass was the most important predictor of bmd in both genders. physical activity appears to positively impact on lean mass and needs to be considered in physical education and health-enhancing programs in iranian school children. background body weight is made up of lean and fat mass and both are involved in growth and development. impression of these...

Objective. To explore the hypothesis of an association between current wheeze and other health problems in adolescence and to investigate any sex differences. Methods. N=8817 adolescents aged 13–19 years completed a self-administered questionnaire including questions on health and lifestyle in Norway (1995–1997). Results. All subjective health problems were significantly more prevalent in curre...

PURPOSE AND METHODS To investigate dietary habits of Flemish adolescent track and field athletes using a 7-d weighed-food record. Besides adequacy for growth, development, and physical performance, dietary health aspects were considered. RESULTS Twenty-nine girls and 31 boys, with minimum 2 yr of track and field training practice, were recruited. All participants had daily breakfast (girls 22...

In this study, we examined oxidative stress after a swimming session, the responses of the antioxidant defences, and the influence of gender on these responses. Fifteen boys and eight girls participated voluntarily in the study. Plasma concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol, vitamin E, retinol, carotenes, ascorbate, malondialdehyde, and the carbonyl index were determined. Creatine kinase, gamma gl...

Children ages 6, 8, and 10 years were given tasks designed to assess their beliefs about risk of injury from activities. Children were asked to appraise the risk of injury for boys and girls engaging in various play behaviors and to judge the sex of the character in stories about children engaging in activities that result in injuries. Results revealed gender biases in children's appraisals of ...

Girls’ and boys’ play in the home corner doll house: Gendered expectations hierarchies Swedish preschool middle of 20th century. This article examines children’s a gender stereotypical framing: dollhouses mid-1900’s preschool. Three different types empirical material were analysed: teachers’ questionnaire, observation protocols from with complementary photographs playing children. By examining ...

AIM To gain insight into the relations between protective/risk family interactions and depressive symptoms in adolescent boys and girls. METHOD A self-reported cross-sectional survey was conducted on a representative sample of 1191 secondary school students (617 girls and 574 boys) aged from 14 to 19 years, with a median of 16, from all secondary schools in the Primorsko-goranska County, Croa...

BACKGROUND Decision-makers may consider vaccinating girls and boys with different HPV vaccines to benefit from their respective strengths; the quadrivalent (HPV4) prevents anogenital warts (AGW) whilst the bivalent (HPV2) may confer greater cross-protection. We compared, to a girls-only vaccination program with HPV4, the impact of vaccinating: 1) both genders with HPV4, and 2) boys with HPV4 an...