BACKGROUND To evaluate if white matter lesions (WML) on MRI can be a potential marker for onabotulinum toxin A (Botox®) treatment success in migraine, given the limited response rate and high costs per treatment. METHODS Retrospective data base and MRI analysis of 529 migraineurs who received Botox® between 2002 and 2009. Responders were defined as patients who underwent three or more treatme...

We report two patients with severe palmar hyperhidrosis who responded to BOTOX delivered not by injection, the usual method of delivery, but by iontophoresis. The Botulinum molecule has been considered too large for delivery into the skin this way. However, other large peptides, both non-ionic and cationic, have been delivered successfully by this method, so we suspected that BOTOX could in fac...

To the Editor: The use of botulinum neurotoxin A is the most frequent intervention in aesthetic medicine. Sales of the two main preparations—Botox (Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA) and Dysport (Ipsen Ltd, Slough, Berkshire, UK)—amounted to USD $1 billion in 2007, and the trend is still growing. Even after 15 years of clinical use, the unit equivalence between these two main botulinum neurotoxin A prod...

Background. Two preparations of botulinum A toxin (BTX-A) are commercially available for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH): Botox (Allergan; 100 U/vial) and Dysport (Ipsen Limited; 500 U/vial), which are not bioequivalent. Results regarding an appropriate conversion factor between them are controversial. Objectives. This paper aims to compare the efficacy of Botox and Dysport in PPH u...

AIM To demonstrate the effect of local application of Botox(R) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), following our 2002 institutional protocol of sialorrhea treatment. STUDY DESIGN Clinical prospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD Five patients with ALS assisted at Clinic of Otolaryngology of AACD (Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente). They were all submitted to local app...

Dear Editor, Smile is the most distinguished expression, and is the keystone of social interaction and communication. It is the universal welcoming greeting in all cultures and ethnicity. Just as a pleasant smile can act as a potential communication tool, an unpleasing smile can have the equally downbeat impact. Smile designing and functional restoration with dental implants, especially in part...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate, subjectively and objectively, the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin (Botox) in patients with dysphagia caused by cricopharyngeus (CP) muscle spasm and/or hypertonicity. METHODS A retrospective chart review was done of 5 patients with normally functioning larynges treated with CP Botox injection for dysphagia caused by perceiv...

The author's study demonstrates that application of EMLA cream to treatment sites significantly reduces needle pain during Botox administration. Twenty patients receiving 200 Botox injections in the glabellar area experienced a 60% reduction in pain in EMLA-pretreated sites compared with that in matched control sites.

RT002, an injectable form of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA), comprised of a purified 150 kDa neurotoxin formulated in a novel formulation, is designed to limit the extent of diffusion and permit safe administration of longer acting doses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of diffusion of RT002 in comparison to another commercially available BoNTA product, Botox® Cosmetic (On...