Horizontal convection in a rectangular enclosure driven by a linear temperature profile along the bottom boundary is investigated numerically using a high-resolution spectralelement discretization in space and a third-order time integration scheme for velocity and temperature fields. A Boussinesq approximation is employed to model buoyancy. The emphasis of this study is on the scaling of Nussel...

The scaling of the kinematic boundary layer thickness λu and the friction factor Cf at the topand bottom-wall of Rayleigh-Bénard convection is studied by Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). By a detailed analysis of the friction factor, a new parameterisation for Cf and λu is proposed. The simulations were made of an L/H = 4 aspect-ratio domain with periodic lateral boundary conditions at Ra = {...

We investigate the early stages of mass convection in a colloidal suspension at high solutal Rayleigh number Ras. From the time evolution of shadowgraph images and by assuming a diffusive growth of the boundary layers we obtain an indirect measurement of the concentration boundary layer thickness delta* at the onset of convection. We show that the dimensionless boundary layer thickness delta=de...

Under the three breakup regimes, the jet surface waves of different nozzles are captured and measured. The nozzles have different length to diameter ratios and contraction angles. The measured wavelengths are compared with the reported conclusions which were obtained by using spatial and temporal linear stability analysis. The results show that the jet wavelengths of different breakup regimes a...

Motion of uid elements can be described by the Navier-Stokes equations. They arise from use Law motion to a uid. In this investigation, two dimensional have been engaged. Then they are applied an incompressible viscous movement down inclined plane with net ow. These leads examining effects velocity at various angles inclination and finding boundary layer thickness. Viscous laminar fluid ow also...

Cf = skin-friction coefficient f = frequency fs = frequency of shock motion J = Jacobian matrix of the grid transformation Lsep = separation length M = freestream Mach number p = pressure Re = Reynolds number based on Re = Reynolds number based on Re = Reynolds number based on Sij = rate-of-strain tensor SL = dimensionless frequency of shock motion based on Lsep and U1 T = temperature u = veloc...

purpose : to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) and central corneal thickness (cct) in patients with exfoliation syndrome (xfs) methods : in this comparative case series we measures rnfl thickness and cct 30 patients with xfs and 30 age and sex matched healthy subjects who met the inclusion criteria. results : average rnfl in xfs group were significantly thinner than controls (94.36±...

In this paper, dynamic modeling of a double layer cylindrical functionally graded (FG) microshell is considered. Modeling is based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and the equations of motion are derived using the Hamilton's principle. It assumes that functionally graded length scale parameter changes along the thickness. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is u...

We investigated the influence of oxygen demand (developmental stage) and supply (hypoxia, water flow rate, the chorion and body movements) on the oxygen concentration within the boundary layer next to the chorion of embryos or skin of larvae of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Oxygen microelectrodes were used to measure dissolved oxygen (DO) within the boundary layer of trout embryos and la...