INTRODUCTION Undescended testes are recognised in 1% to 2% of boys during the first year of life, and about 20% of them are impalpable. Ultrasonography (US) may establish the localisation of the testis but the final diagnosis is usually determined laparoscopically. AIM To evaluate long-term results of laparoscopic treatment of boys with impalpable testes and sensitivity of preoperative ultras...

an unimportant amount of time bending over his desk, so that bad positions have not the opportunity of making more or less "staying" faults. But at this time a beginning may be made, either for good or bad. The boy may. be trained to sit correctly at his seat, especially when writing or drawing. lie may be trained to read with his book held before his eyes, not with the book flat upon the desk....

a cross-sectional survey was conducted .using a modified questionnaire for the study of cigarette smoking prevalence in khalkhal city, iran, during may-â june 1999. a simple random sample with size 260 was selected for this study. all of the students in the sample completed a questionnaire. the results showed among 260 students, 104 of them (40%) experienced at least once cigarette smoking and ...