there are only a few, non-evidence based, neuroprotective strategies for treatment and prevention of brain injuries after closed head trauma. to establish new therapy strategies, a novel animal model is needed. the aim of our investigation was to link standardized small animal models and actual patient medical care. data of experimental small animal studies often cannot be transferred to cns in...

the brain edema is one of remarkable injuries after traumatic brain injuries (tbi). the common treatments for limiting edema are included mannitol, barbiturates, corticosteroids, hyperventilation and central nervous system derange. the most of these treatments for edema is problematic. for example, mannitol can be effective for the short period of time (24 hours) after brain injuries but is not...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. After TBI, the vulnerable to additional injuries (secondary injuries) because disrupts normal autoregulatory defense mechanisms. These secondary play crucial role patient prognosis. Posttraumatic seizures are an important leading further damage injured brain. Continuous monitoring by electroencephalography (EE...

conclusions the evidence in the discussed topics was limited and controversial. this report is important because it exposes the current knowledge gap in head trauma studies in iran. evidence acquisition the guidelines were appraised using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (agree) instrument. all key recommendations were reviewed by 14 prominent iranian neurosurgeons; level...

Brain hypoxia during the acute stage of a head injury may result from the injury itself, an inadequate airway, associated injuries and blood loss. The maintenance of a clear airway is a major responsibility of the anaesthetist and some of the difficulties involved are discussed. Artificial ventilation of the lungs will become necessary when other measures have failed to ensure proper carbon dio...

Introduction: The impact on head injury is trauma to the scalp, brain, and skull, so maintain stable oxygenation in body brain tissues, oxygen therapy very important patients that saturation levels increase. Objective: To determine description of changes clients with injuries. Methods: descriptive case study subjects used were 2 through inclusion exclusion criteria. Results: Changes Head injuri...