Wheat bran is a rich source of dietary fiber, of which arabinoxylan is the most abundant non-starch polysaccharide. Arabinoxylan has been known to exert in vivo immunological activities. Based on prior findings, we pretreated wheat bran with enzymatic hydrolysis to increase the release of soluble arabinoxylan and investigated whether oral administration of wheat bran altered macrophage activity...

Estrogen is metabolized along two competing pathways to form the 2-hydroxylated and the 16alpha-hydroxylated metabolites. Based on proposed differences in biological activities, the ratio of these metabolites, 2-hydroxyestrogen:16alpha-hydroxyestrone (2:16alpha-OHE1), has been used as a biomarker for breast cancer risk. Women with an elevated 2:16alpha-OHE1 ratio are hypothesized to be at a dec...

Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, and phytate were measured in dry-milled corn bran, wheat brans, and soybean hulls prior to being baked in bread and after passage through the human GI tract. Significant changes in mineral concentrations in the retrieved remnants compared to the starting materials were as follows: Cu, Fe, and Zn increased by factors of from two to four and Ca increased at least...

The effect on intestinal carcinogenesis of feeding a 20% wheat bran dietary supplement, either during and/or after the stage of carcinogen administration with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, was examined in 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats fed defined diets for 31 weeks. Nutrient intake and body weight gain were equivalent in all groups of animals. In the rats fed bran during carcinogen administration, tumor...

The effects of adding wheat and oat bran, at different levels and milled to varying particle size ranges, to dough formulations were investigated, with respect to aeration and dough development during mixing, expansion during proving and fi nal baked loaf characteristics. Addition of bran reduced the density of the dough at the end of mixing, largely because of the increased water absorption, w...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of wheat bran consumption on exocrine pancreas secretion in pigs. Sixteen Large-White pigs were divided into two groups. The first group (control) was fed a diet without wheat bran and the second one (experimental) a diet containing 40% wheat bran. After one week the animals were fitted with two permanent fistulae (in the pancreatic duct and the...

We consider the general behaviour of cosmologies in Brans-Dicke theory where the dilaton is self-interacting via a potential V (Φ). We show that the general radiation universe is a two-dimensional dynamical system whereas the dust or false vacuum universe is threedimensional. This is in contrast to the non-interacting dilaton which has uniformly a two-dimensional phase space. We find the phase ...