b a ckground: the management of internal mammary (im) nodes in breast cancer lacks a well-defined consensus. lymphoscintigraphy identifies up to one-third of breast cancer patients with extra-axillary drainage, which is mainly located in the im chain. our aim in this meta-analysis is to identify the lymphoscintigraphy technique variables that effect im node identification. m ethods: an internet...

background: triple-negative breast cancers (tnbc) have a more aggressive course and are associated with poorer prognosis in comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer. one of the most common subtypes of tnbc is basal-like. the aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and clinical course of tnbc in iranian women and compare them with other studies. subjects a...

introduction: triple negative breast cancers (tnbc) have a more aggressive course and are associated with poorer prognosis in comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer. one of the most common subtypes of tnbc is basal-like. the aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and clinical course of tnbc in iranian women and compare it with other studies. method: be...

objective: n-nitroso-n-methylurea (nmu) induces breast cancer in rodents, particularly in rats. this model of breast cancer is very similar to human breast cancer. as a continuation of our recent work, we investigated the expressions of cyclin d1 and p21 in nmu-induced breast cancer of wistar albino rats. materials and methods: in this experimental study, mammary carcinoma was induced in female...

Cancers of exactly 2 cm in size occupy a special niche in breast oncology. That size is the one at which breast cancer is most commonly diagnosed (the “modal size”) and 2.0 cm marks the boundary between stage i and ii for node-negative breast cancers and between stage ii and iii for node-positive breast cancers. The size of the primary tumour and the nodal status are the two most useful paramet...

introduction: daphne species has both pharmaceutical applications and anti tumor activity. it has been shown that the extract of daphne mucronata is effective in decreasing the size of breast adenocarcinoma in rats. we investigated the mechanism of action and the effects of the extract on tnf-a and tnf-a receptors on cultured human monocytes. material and methods: the breast tumors were induced...

In recent years the breast size (i.e., bra cup size and bra band size) of women has been studied in a number of national and regional research projects. Most of the studies have been conducted by universities in cooperation with companies within the lingerie industry and other commercial stakeholders. However, the local studies have not been able to provide internationally comparable results re...

background: determination of the impact of angiogenesis on tumor development and progression is essential. this study aimed to determine the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and interleukin 6 (il-6) in breast carcinoma, and to correlate them with tumor size, lymph node involvement, and cancer stage. methods: under aseptic precautions 5 ml of venous blood was collected f...

Introduction: Average glandular dose (AGD), entrance skin air kerma (ESAK) and normalized glandular dose (DgN) are the main dosimetric quantities in mammography. In this study, DgN is evaluated in the presence of breast cyst, which is a common disease among women and the influence of size, number and location of the cysts on the DgN is investigated. Materials and Meth...