System development, or broadly speaking, software engineering, would introduces risks and bugs as the increase of complexity. Formal specification is researched and developed for several years to constrain the states and transitions. This paper explores the system development with formal specification from the Empirical Modeling perspective, which is a novel approach to computer-based modeling ...

• wavelets are analysis tools for time series and images • as a subject, wavelets are − relatively new (1983 to present) − a synthesis of old/new ideas − keyword in 29, 826+ articles and books since 1989 (4032 more since 2005: an inundation of material!!!) • broadly speaking, there have been two waves of wavelets − continuous wavelet transform (1983 and on) − discrete wavelet transform (1988 an...

Mathematics, broadly speaking, is the science of patterns. Physics, broadly speaking, is the search for patterns in the natural world. Eugene Wigner’s [12] famous problem concerning the “unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences” constitutes an expression of puzzlement over the empirical success of physics, based as it is on mathematics. Put this way, of course, the prob...

This article examines recent Italian historiography on welfare, with a particular focus gender-oriented research. It relates studies to the international debate, in order identify acquisitions, open problems and perspectives. Its aim is show how these could improve if transnational and, broadly speaking, global approach was adopted, it discusses series of possible themes issues be addressed.

this study intended to develop a model describing speaking strategies for efl learners by taking into account the effects of learners’ gender and proficiency on the application of strategies. accordingly, this study was planned to have two main analyses, namely qualitative and quantitative. in this respect, 30 efl learners' viewpoints were sought, and then, based on the elicited responses, a 21...

Very broadly speaking, the Fourier transform is a systematic way to decompose “generic” functions into a superposition of “symmetric” functions. These symmetric functions are usually quite explicit (such as a trigonometric function sin(nx) or cos(nx)), and are often associated with physical concepts such as frequency or energy. What “symmetric” means here will be left vague, but it will usually...

Instant messaging (IM), a form of quasi-synchronous communication over the Internet, is a popular medium, with over 69 million reported users in the US, and over 82 million in Europe. 3 Speaking broadly of online discourse genres, IM is most clearly related to Internet chat, in which multiple users send messages in real time to a central location, where they are displayed for all those ‘logged ...

This paper examines the number and type of books geography geographical periodicals in eighteenth-century German-speaking territories place chronology their publication with reference to recent work on print culture Enlightenment. The extends studies Aufklärungsgeographie (Enlightenment geography) by taking a broadly quantitative approach presenting, for 345 109 periodicals, geographies authori...