An inhibitory ternary system contains two terms in its free energy: the interface energy that favors micro-domain growth and the longer ranging confinement energy that prevents unlimited spreading. In a parameter regime where two constituents are small in size compared to the third constituent and the longer ranging energy does not dominate, there is a double bubble like stable critical point o...

We study the formation of five-dimensional string solutions including the Gregory-Laflamme (GL) black string, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) bubble, and the geometry with a naked singularity from the gravitational collapse. The interior solutions of five-dimensional Einstein equations describe collapsing non-isotropic matter clouds. It is shown that the matter cloud always forms the GL black string solu...

We present an experimental characterization of the effects of turbulence and breaking gravity waves on air-water gas exchange in standing waves. We identify two regimes that govern aeration rates: turbulent transport when no wave breaking occurs and bubble dominated transport when wave breaking occurs. In both regimes, we correlate the qualitative changes in the aeration rate with corresponding...

Boiling is a very efficient way to transfer heat from a heater to the liquid carrier. We discuss the boiling crisis, a transition between two regimes of boiling: nucleate and film boiling. The boiling crisis results in a sharp decrease in the heat transfer rate, which can cause a major accident in industrial heat exchangers. In this communication, we present a physical model of the boiling cris...

In wet liquid foams, slow diffusion of gas through bubble walls changes bubble pressure, volume and wall curvature. Large bubbles grow at the expenses of smaller ones. The smaller the bubble, the faster it shrinks. As the number of bubbles in a given volume decreases in time, the average bubble size increases: i.e. the foam coarsens. During coarsening, bubbles also move relative to each other, ...

We studied the effects of ionization in a sonoluminescing (SL) bubble within the hydrodynamic framework. The thermodynamic variables and the degrees of ionization inside the bubble throughout an oscillation cycle are obtained by solving the hydrodynamic equations assuming spherical symmetry. Several models are used to compute the emitted radiation, which are then compared with experimental data...

An analytical model of the nonlinear bubble evolution of single-mode, classical Rayleigh-Taylor instability at arbitrary Atwood numbers (A(T)) is presented. The model is based on an extension of Layzer's theory [Astrophys. J. 122, 1 (1955)] previously applied only to the fluid-vacuum interfaces (A(T) = 1). The model provides a continuous bubble evolution from the earlier exponential growth to t...

This paper numerically investigates the effect of mass transfer processes on spherical single bubble dynamics using the Hertz-Langmuir-Knudsen approximation for the mass flux across the interface. Bubble behavior, with and without mass transfer, is studied for different values of pressure wave amplitude and frequency, as well as initial bubble radius. Whereas mass transfer processes do not seem...

We performed laser wakefield electron acceleration experiments using laser powers up to 100 TW in the ‘bubble’ regime. The measured angularly resolved energy spectra of the electron beam showed evidence of betatron oscillations during the acceleration process. Through diagnosis of these oscillations, electron injection into the wakefield could be controlled through adjustment of the shape of th...

The plasma wave acceleration of electron in the bubble regime is investigated in a new configuration containing a planar wiggler. The space-charge field of the laser-created ion channel can focuse and stabilize the electron trajectory to guide it toward the acceleration region. The high-gradient plasma wave field can resonantly accelerate the trapped electron to higher energies in the presence ...