With its growing capacity and density, off-chip memory consumes a considerable amount of energy in the mobile system, so there are strong demands for energy-efficient techniques. Memory manufacturers provide several operating modes with different power requirements. To explore these modes for energy saving, the memory has to switch among those modes frequently. However, the mode transition also...

We study the following on-line model for set-covering: elements of a ground set of size n arrive one-by-one and with any such element ci, arrives also the name of some set Si0 containing ci and covering the most of the uncovered ground set-elements (obviously, these elements have not been yet revealed). For this model we analyze a simple greedy algorithm consisting of taking Si0 into the cover,...

OBJECTIVE To model the resource implications of placental growth factor (PlGF) testing in women with suspected pre-eclampsia prior to 35 weeks' gestation as part of a management algorithm, compared with current practice. METHODS Data on resource use from 132 women with suspected pre-eclampsia prior to 35 weeks' gestation, enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study evaluating PlGF me...

IN 1993 THE ADMINISTRATION’S first job was to get the economy moving. The deficit reduction package enacted that year helped to reduce interest rates and restore business confidence. Since then the Federal deficit has been cut by more than half, and the economy has expanded robustly. The next task is to complete the work of deficit reduction. In 1995 and 1996 the Administration and the Congress...

In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Li1.05Ni0.35Co0.25Mn0.4O2 Cathode Material Coated with LiCoO2 Aniruddha Deb, Uwe Bergmann, Stephen P. Cramer, and Elton J. Cairns* Environmental Energy Technologies Division and Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 9402...

Dynamic Energy Budget theory meets individual-based modelling: a generic and accessible implementation Benjamin T. Martin*, Elke I. Zimmer, Volker Grimm and Tjalling Jager Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; and FALW ⁄Department of Theoretical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam...

The paper suggests a staffing tool to improve efficiency at a nursing department of a local hospital. The managers consider they are understaffed and try to overwhelm the staffing deficit problem through overtime, rather than hiring additional nurses. The estimates indicate that the shortage at the hospital level corresponds to 300 full time equivalent (FTE) nurses. However, the huge amount of ...

Household-level data on consumer expenditures underpins a wide range of empirical research in modern economics, spanning microand macroeconomics. This research includes work on consumption and saving, on poverty and inequality, and on risk sharing and insurance. We review different ways in which such data can be collected or captured: traditional detailed budget surveys, less onerous survey pro...

Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are prohibitively expensive for use in civilian surveillance applications. This is in large part due to the manufactures need to recoup the costs of research and development. The more intelligence that is incorporated into unmanned vehicles, the more expensive it is to validate. At Cornell University an autopilot system for UAVs has been developed and ...