NADH could not be freeze-stored at -25°C in 50 mMsodium phosphate buffer (pH range 6-8 20°C) without serious loss of the nucleotide; however, no losses were seen upon freeze storage in 50 mM-Hepes buffer (pH range 7-8, 20°C). The rate of NADH degradation was greater (approx. 2-fold) in 50 mMthan in 5 mM-sodium phosphate buffer, although NADH values at both buffer concentrations were similar (5%...

The characteristics of inorganic particles generated in glass vials filled with phosphate buffer solutions were investigated. During storage, particles were visually detected in the phosphate buffer solution in particular glass vials which pass compendial tests of containers for injectable drugs. These particles were considered to be different from ordinal glass delamination, which has been rep...

Abstract This study presents a conceptual framework of buffering through storage and recycling elements in terrestrial ecosystems reviews the current knowledge about plants ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems, defined here as plant-soil systems, buffer inputs from atmosphere bedrock elements, i.e., they dampen delay their responses to inputs. Our challenges conventional paradigms ecosystem resis...

Faster networks and cheaper storage have brought us to a point where I/O caching servers have an important role in the design of scalable, high-performance file systems. These intermediary I/O servers — or buffer servers — can be deployed at strategic points in the network, interposed between clients and data sources such as standard file servers, Internet data servers, and tertiary storage. Th...

In this paper we propose storage allocation schemes to minimize the buffer requirements for fault-tolerant video-ondemand (VOD) servers with disk arrays. To guarantee the high reliability of video service, the servers usually adopt parity-encoding techniques in which data blocks and their associated parity block form a parity group. For real-time video service, all the blocks in a parity group ...

In the paper a new efficient algorithm for the allocation of storage capacity in serial production lines is derived. The proposed method aims to find out the distribution of storage capacity between machines that minimizes the total buffer space assigned to the line satisfying a target production requirement. The algorithm relies on an iterative scheme that, starting from the minimal capacity r...

Database storage systems today are primarily based on two technologies: HDD (hard disk drive) and DRAM (dynamic random-access memory). It is increasingly difficult for these systems to deliver acceptable performance, due to fast expanding data volume, growing energy concern, and cost constraints. The emergence of flash memory has made cost-effective solutions possible. However, conventional sto...

Due to the limitations of flash memory, such as asymmetric I/O latencies and not-inplace update, two kinds of buffer replacement algorithms exist, namely page-clustered policy and group-clustered policy. The former organizes pages in the page-level, which makes it easy to deal with hot pages, but shows a bad performance when the buffer size is big enough. The latter organizes pages in the group...

Phase change memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation memories, owing to its low power consumption, non-volatility, and high storage-density. However, PCM has limited write endurance, i.e., it can only undergo a limited number of write operations, leading to a short lifecycle. Thus, it is an important issue to find out an efficient way to use PCM in memory hierarchy...

Adopting newer non-volatile memory (NVRAM) technologies as write buffers in slower storage arrays is a promising approach to improve write performance. However, due to DRAM’s merits, including shorter access latency and lower cost, it is still desirable to incorporate DRAM as a read cache along with NVRAM. Although numerous cache policies have been proposed, most are either targeted at main mem...