ion function f : I -> D satisfies ⊇ Figure 6. Relation between Architecture, Design and Implementation Checking a design against an architecture can also be a mechanical process, at least for that part of the architecture that can be formalized. Note that architecture and design are expressed in the same language. In the next section we shall define this language and show an example of the oper...

In this article, topology optimization of two-dimensional (2D) building frames subjected to seismic loading is performed using the polygonal finite element method. Artificial ground motion accelerograms compatible with the design response spectrum of ASCE 7-16 are generated for the response history dynamic analysis needed in the optimization. The mean compliance of structure is minimized as a t...

The invention of reinforced concrete in the second half XIX century brought about a real revolution buildings design and construction. Thanks to this new construction technique, first skyscrapers were built at beginning last century, within few years large urban agglomerations sprang up. thus marks dramatic conflict between environmental protection, which has led effects climate change, polluti...

The growing concern for the reduction of energy needs and environmental impact building sector has placed emphasis on possibilities offered by natural materials. adoption agricultural by-products seems to be promising in line with circular economy paradigm. Materials such as hemp straw have been extensively adopted contemporary construction, but nevertheless, potential use giant reed not suffic...