Introduction: In the last few decades, a lot of monte carlo codes have been introduced for medical applications. For close - to - surface tumors, the surface of the skin can be used to increase the surface dose so that all or part of the bunch area can fall into bolus, thereby increasing the dose of the skin. The air gaps between bolus and skin can affect the dose of...

background: we investigated the efficacy of a mobile-based  bolus advisor app in comparison with the usual multiple daily  injections (mdis) in diabetic patients. materials and methods: in a nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial, 62 diabetic patients  were selected to receive a 12-week intensive glycemic control by either a mobile-based bolus advisor (app) or mdi in the usual manner.we compa...

We introduce a geometric buildup approach to the distance geometry problem in protein modeling, and discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions on the distances for rigid or unique determination of a protein structure. We describe a new buildup algorithm for determining protein structures rigidly instead of uniquely. The algorithm requires even fewer distance constraints than the general bu...

introduction bolus is a soft and resilient material which is used for increasing skin dose or to even out the irregular patient contour. the main property of various materials used presently as bolus is the water-equivalent electron density. ethyl methacrylate is used as a soft-liner in dentistry and its physical and chemical properties are proved to be nontoxic for human body. the goal of this...

For some ambiguous scenes perceptual conflict arises between integration and segregation. Initially, all stimulus features seem integrated. Then abruptly, perhaps after a few seconds, a segregated percept emerges. For example, segregation of acoustic features into streams may require several seconds. In behavioral experiments, when a subject's reports of stream segregation are averaged over rep...

Published data on the effects of ruminal bolus on the number of ovulatory follicles in ewes does not exist. The present study determined the effects of a ruminal bolus on trace element status, follicular dynamics and reproductive performance in ewes. Eighty Afshari cycling ewes were synchronized during breeding season using CIDR for 14 days and assigned to 4 groups (n=20); group 1 received a si...

In this work the influence of solid particles concentration from suspension on the buildup evolution for a single wire from a magnetic filter working in axial configuration is presented. The buildup differential equations are solved and the surface contour of the buildup at different moments is obtained. It is evidenced the existence of a suspension concentration for which the radial deposit ex...