In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch published the seminal book, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, which emphasized reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use, principles which have since been referred to as the ‘‘3 Rs’’. These principles encouraged researchers to work to reduce the number of animals used in experiments to the minimum considered necessary, refine or l...

Changes in haematocrit in patients with acute myocardial infarction are the subject of several reports. Burch and DePasquale (1962) and DePasquale and Burch (1963) suggested that the peripheral venous haematocrit was raised in acute myocardial infarction. This was not confirmed by subsequent studies (Conley et al., 1964; Vuopio and Eisalo, 1964) but has recently been supported (Stables et al., ...

INTRODUCTION There is still no consensus on which surgical technique is the most effective for female recurrent stress urinary incontinence after the initial surgery. AIM To compare the long-term treatment outcomes of Burch colposuspension operation, transobturator tape implantation (TOT) and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures performed for female recurrent stress urinary incontinence...

these Amax variations that were both based on the Stiles-Burch 100 color-matching functions [Opt. Acta 6, 1 (1959)]: one that suggested that the Amax values for individual cone classes fall into discrete subgroups [J. Neitz and G. H. Jacobs, in Colour Vision Deficiencies IX, B. Drum and G. Verriest, eds. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1989)] and one that failed to find discrete c...

Sets of zero-dimensional ideals in the polynomial ring k[x,y] that share same leading term ideal with respect to a given ordering are known be affine spaces called Gröbner cells. Conca-Valla and Constantinescu parametrize such cells terms certain canonical Hilbert-Burch matrices for lexicographical degree-lexicographical orderings, respectively. In this paper, we give parametrization (x,y)-prim...

Reported in the literature are more than 100 different kinds of surgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence in women, including anterior colporrhaphy (Kelly plication),1 retropubic urethropexy (Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure,2 Burch procedure,2 ), paravaginal suspension,4 various kinds of needle urethropexy,5-8 and suburethral sling procedure.9 Furthermore, among these procedures a...

Robert Burch has, in A Peircean Reduction Thesis, made a major contribution to communication between what could be called Peircean logic and the more “traditional” approach based on the work of Frege, Peano, and Russell; we may call this the FPR approach. And in so contributing, he helps bridge gaps in understanding which may stand between those focusing on the semiotic, and those more committe...

We routinely perform open laparoscopy technique at the inferior margin of the umbilicus using 10-mm port to introduce the laparoscope. Three additional ports are placed under direct vision. The abdomen is insufflated with CO2 to 15 mmHg intraabdominal pressure. The superior edge of bladder is identified by retrograde filling the bladder. A peritoneal incision is made between the umbilical ligam...