In vitro meat (IVM), also known as cultured meat, involves growing cells into muscle tissue to be eaten as food. The technology had its most high-profile moment in 2013 when a cultured burger was cooked and tasted in a press conference. Images of the burger featured in the international media and were circulated across the Internet. These images-literally marks on a two-dimensional surface-do i...

Approximately 9.2% of avian taxa are known to hybridize, a larger proportion than most vertebrate groups. However, rates of hybridization vary widely across avian orders: ducks and geese (Anseriformes) hybridize widely and frequently, while hybridization between swift species (Apodiformes) has never been recorded (Grant & Grant 1992). Seabirds, excluding the whiteheaded gull complex (Charadriif...

introduction: aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is one of the most well-known hepatocarcinogens in humans. contamination of raw materials, used in the production of sausages and burgers, with aflatoxin producing molds can lead to increased level of aflatoxin in the final products and can impose hazards to human health. unfortunately, aflatoxin is resistant to heating and freezing processes, etc. and can rema...

What is the most effective way to grill food? Timing everything, since only one surface exposed heat at a given time. Should we flip once, or many times? We present simple model of cooking by flipping, and some interesting observations emerge. The rate depends on spectrum linear operator, fixed point map. If system has symmetric thermal properties, becomes independent sequence flips, as long la...

An application of the generalized tanh–coth method to search for exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations is analyzed. This method is used for variants of the KdV–Burger and the K(n, n)–Burger equations. The generalized tanh–coth method was used to construct periodic wave and solitary wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. This method is developed for searching exac...

We demonstrate how a non-nested statistical test developed by Vuong (1989) can be used to assess the suitability of alternate order-of-entry assumptions used for identification purposes in empirical entry models. As an example, we estimate an entry model of McDonald’s and Burger King restaurant outlets in United States. The data set focuses on relatively small “isolated” markets. For these mark...