BACKGROUND The carcinogenicity of chewing tobacco is well established. It is predominantly used by the South Asian community in England. Little is known about the accessibility of the products available for use in England. METHODS Wards with high proportions or numbers of residents from the South Asian community were identified using 2001 Census data. Within each ward product purchasers ident...

BACKGROUND There is evidence of a high prevalence of prescription opioid (PO) and crack use among street drug users in Toronto. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe drug use behaviours and preferences as well as the social and environmental context surrounding the use of these drugs among young and old street-based drug injection drug users (IDUs). METHODS In-depth interviews...

Figure 1 displays the facts that motivate this discussion. Interest rate spreads increased somewhat at the start of the 2007 recession and then widened substantially after August 2008. The Federal Reserve initiated a program of unconventional monetary policy in the fall of 2007, by purchasing privately issued assets and by permitting banks to use privately issued assets as collateral at the dis...

The objective of this paper is to use the Wheel of Consumer Analysis to identify, cultural differences between American and Chinese people in North America regarding their car buying behavior. The study is based on the consumer behavior model proposed by J. Paul Peter and Jerry C. Olson (1994), which helps to explain the reasons for buyer behavior differences between American and Chinese people...

Online group buying, as a new form of e-commerce, has offered customers a great deal of promotion and convenience in shopping. Meanwhile, there are an increasing number of OGB vendors struggling in the fierce competition and extremely turbulent business environment. During 2010 and 2011, more than 2000 OGB vendors in China have been out of business or facing with bankruptcy. Therefore, study of...

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of environmentally induced stimulation in influencing impulse buying. In addition, the authors seek to investigate the impact of two social factors (perceived crowding and employee friendliness) on unplanned purchases. Design/methodology/approach – A wide variety of retail outlets in Singapore were selected as the context for this field study, rangi...

Many durable goods, particularly in the high technology sector of the economy, experience rapid quality improvement. As a result, replacement is typically due to obsolescence rather than breakdown, and replacement cycles are generally short. When these goods are vertically differentiated, consumers must make two important, inter-related choices upon making a purchase: what quality level to buy,...

Promotion can stimulate consumer’s unplanned buying which is regarded as the main source of sales growth, however, it may increase consumer’s planned buying shortfall as well. On one hand, online scarce promotion more significantly influences consumer’s unplanned buying and planned buying shortfall; On the other hand, frequent and continuing online promotion weakens its marginal performance. Un...

Using a sample of 163 consumers, the study provided evidence that arousal and perceived risk had effects on impulsive buying behavior. Perceived risk was negatively associated with impulsive buying behavior but not significantly related to impulsive buying intention, whereas pleasure, which was not related to actual behavior, was a predictor of impulsive buying intention. On the other hand, the...