Emerging evidence suggests that glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) transdifferentiating into vascular endothelial cells (ECs) possibly contributes to tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), showing active migration and incorporation into neovasculature of glioma, may be a good vehicle for delivering genes to target GSCs transdifferentiation. Here, we found a ...

Phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells is caused not only by genetic and epigenetic alterations but also by stochastic variation of intracellular signaling molecules. Using cells that stably express Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors, we show here a correlation between a temporal fluctuation in the activity of Rac1 and the invasive properties of C6 glioma cells. By using long...

Reserpine has enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1 (4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2 chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) in both ACNU-resistant sublines of C6 and 9L glioma cells (C6/ACNU, 9L/ACNU) and could completely overcome ACNU resistance in vitro. When reserpine was added to the culture in the concentration of 10ƒÊM, the concentrations of drug required for 50% inhibition ...

Gap junctions are intercellular channels that connect the interiors of coupled cells. We sought to determine the extent to which malignant glioma cells form gap junction channels with astrocytes from either adult human brain or rat forebrain. The astrocytic gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43), was identified in immunoreactive plaques at areas of cell-to-cell contact between cocultured glio...

BACKGROUND Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an ethnopharmacological plant that is traditionally used to improve the body's immune functions and ameliorate the symptoms of various diseases. However, the antitumorigenic effects of KRG and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood in terms of its individual components. In this study, in vitro and in vivo antitumorigenic ...

As the global population ages, cancer rates increase worldwide, and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), brain tumors, and inflammation threaten human health more frequently. We designed a dual-mediated (receptor-mediated and adsorption-mediated) liposome, named transferrin-cell penetrating peptide-sterically stabilized liposome (TF-CPP-SSL), to improve therapy for gliomas...

BACKGROUND Cellular redox state is important to cell growth and death. The growth of tumor cells may be modulated by intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). The present study aims to investigate the effects of ginsenosides Re and Rg3 on cellular redox state and cell proliferation in C6 glioma cells. METHODS Cultured C6 glioma cells were exposed to various concentrat...

BACKGROUND Naringenin, a flavanone, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including antitumor activity. PURPOSE We wanted to test the efficacy of Naringenin on C6 glioma cells-implanted into rats was investigated. METHODS Biochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used for analyzing various markers. RESULTS Injection of C6 glioma cells into rat brai...

There are conflicting results concerning the receptor subtype(s) involved in calcium-mediated endothelin signaling in the glial cells. In order to elucidate the role of endothelin A and B receptors in these processes, we have studied the effect of a complex spectrum of endothelin receptor ligands on intracellular calcium concentration changes in proliferating and differentiated C6 rat glioma ce...

Glioblastoma is a kind of malignant gliomas that is almost impossible to cure due to the poor drug transportation across the blood-brain barrier and the existence of glioma stem cells. We prepared a new kind of targeted liposomes in order to improve the drug delivery system onto the glioma cells and induce the apoptosis of glioma stem cells afterward. In this experiment, curcumin was chosen to ...