Vascular calcification is a pathological sequence of events that has similarities to the normal physiological process of osteogenesis.1,2 It is thought to result from an imbalance in both local and systemic inhibitors and promoters,3,4 which occurs as a consequence of chronic inflammation, hyperleptinemia, and a deregulation of various bone-regulating proteins. It is common in patients with dia...

Clinico-pathological details are given of a patient who survived bilateral renal cortical necrosis for 44 days as a result of treatment by haemodialysis. Cortical calcification was demonstrable radiologically in life and at necropsy. The literature pertaining to renal ischaemic damage and calcification is reviewed. Conclusions are drawn as to the mechanism that produces renal cortical calcifica...

Biomineralisation, the deposition of mineral onto a matrix, can be both physiological and pathological process. Bone formation involves secretion an extracellular matrix (ECM) by osteoblasts subsequent mineralisation that matrix. It is regulated number local systemic factors necessary for maintenance normal bone health. Conversely, (or calcification) soft tissues, including vasculature, detrime...

This is a case of ocular malformations with presumable intraocular calcification based on computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ocular ultrasound (US) findings. The authors presented the clinical, imaging and pathological findings of this case. Intraocular calcification is the most important finding in retinoblastoma, which requires aggressive management. It is ...

Inflammatory response and calcification are strongly implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Key inflammatory biomarkers present throughout the process of OA have been established but an association with calcification has not been clarified. A faint line, tidemark, exists between the subchondral bone and the articular surface in knee joints that is presumed to be the line of demarcation ...

Artery calcification reflects an admixture of factors such as ectopic osteochondral differentiation with primary host pathological conditions. We review how genetic factors, as identified by human genome-wide association studies, and incomplete correlations with various mouse studies, including knockout and strain analyses, fit into "pieces of the puzzle" in intimal calcification in human ather...

Cardiovascular calcification is a prominent feature of chronic inflammatory disorders-such as chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis-that associate with significant morbidity and mortality. The concept that similar pathways control both bone remodeling and vascular calcification is widely accepted, but the precise mechanisms of calcification remain largely unknown...