A aviary, the vast collection of bird paintings in Chinese art, reflects longstanding global fascination with our feathered friends. Balanced on two legs, like humans, and able to fly and swim, birds have been viewed as an engineering miracle in the East and West and have been studied by artists and scientists alike. Traditional Chinese painting goes back 6,000 years to the Neolithic period and...

the prevalence of the production of lithographic illustrated versions from the half of 13 century ah caused that painters join to the group of calligraphers and book producers in these workshops and in this way many illustrated versions were produced. in the most of available lithographic illustrated versions from qajar period, if the version has not any missing page from the opening to the end...

there is not adequate information available about traditional instruction system in the field of visual arts in the pre-modern period. instruction of calligraphy can be considered as traditional instruction of art in a way that its guidelines and instructional texts are remained almost intact. instruction of calligraphy is implemented in aprofessor-student procedure and is accompanied with vari...

with the advent of shāhabbās, the safavid dynasty enjoyed its pinnacle of power. in this era, thanks to the endurance of cultural traditions and long reign of the safavids, and also the extraordinary patronage of artists by the court, the strengthening and establishing of art became realized. shāhabbās’ accession to the throne caused significant political change and as a result, many traditiona...

one of the special islamic arts, calligraphy was given a great reputation because of its association with quranic verses from its earliest appearance on kufic script. this spiritual support along with the utilization of kufic on craft decoration cause the advent of different kinds of kufic, and different cultures and eras flourished its vast variety of unique characteristics. among all of islam...

this descriptive-analytical research in which the information has been aggregated in the form of library, field and the direct study of the works, the main goal is to study and review the role of royal stamps and tughra from ilkhani to ghajar periods that are considered the royal signs and symbols of royal rule and the rimes written on it have had reflection mainly in the thoughts and religious...

muraqqa golshan is one of the famous masterpieces manuscripts which is made and illustrated during jahangir shah’s reign in india (century 11 ah). one of the importances of this muraqqa is about art historic studies of iranian and indian paintings at the time of safaivid and mugals when iranian art and culture was noticeable for mugal kings. furthermore, this is a collection in various types of...

This essay deals with the role of allographs in the general framework of the study of writing. It explains why allographs are important (writer individuality), how they can be measured (frequency and contexts (graphic, semantic, non-graphic)) and what applications to expect from them (biometrics, script restoration, artistic creation, cultural history). Résumé Cet essai traite du rôle des allog...