We investigate the gaze estimation error induced by pupil size changes using simulated data. We investigate the influence of pupil diameter changes on estimated gaze point error obtained by two gaze estimation models. Simulation data show that at wider viewing angles and at small eye-camera distances, error increases with increasing pupil sizes. The maximum error recorded for refracted pupil im...

We present a new approach for measuring the eye gaze using images that contains only one eye of a person. The model of the eye is investigated and gaze can be estimated by tracking the eyeball rotations. Iris contour is modeled as one planar circle and we estimate the ellipses of their projections onto a retinal plane. The unique solution of the orientations was obtained based on a geometric co...

This report has examined the way that gaze is transmitted in videophons and video teleconferencing systems. Our results showed that face-to-face communication resulted in an accuracy rate of 90%, while the rate for positioning directly in front of a camera was 80%. However, as the visual angle increased from the camera, the accuracy rate fell dramatically to about 5%. As some subjects gained ex...

In this paper we present an approach to simultaneously estimate gaze directions of multiple people in the view of a panoramic camera. Human faces are located and tracked using a probabilistic skin-color model and motion detection. Neural networks are used to estimate head poses of the detected faces. With this approach, it is possible to simultaneously track the locations of multiple people aro...

Abstract The line of sight reflects the focus human attention. Gaze estimation technology has a wide range application prospects in human-computer interaction, emotion analysis, commercial advertising, and so on. needs to be jointly determined by eye movement head because gaze is often with movement. In this paper, system implemented monocular camera, using features posture changes estimate poi...

This study proposes a novel binocular pupil and gaze detection system utilizing a remote full high definition (full HD) camera and employing LabVIEW. LabVIEW is inherently parallel and has fewer time-consuming algorithms. Many eye tracker applications are monocular and use low resolution cameras due to real-time image processing difficulties. We utilized the computer’s direct access memory chan...

One of the most crucial techniques associated with Computer Vision is technology that deals with the automatic estimation of gaze orientation. In this paper, a method is proposed to estimate horizontal gaze orientation from a monocular camera image using the parameters of Active Appearance Models (AAM) selected based on several model selection methods. The proposed method can estimate horizonta...

The visual focus of attention (VFOA) has been recognized as a prominent conversational cue. We are interested in the VFOA tracking of a group of people involved in social interaction. We note that in this case the participants look either at each other or at an object of interest; therefore they don’t always face a camera and, consequently, their gazes (and their VFOAs) cannot be based on eye d...

In a wearable camera video, we see what the camera wearer sees. While this makes it easy to know roughly what he chose to look at, it does not immediately reveal when he was engaged with the environment. Specifically, at what moments did his focus linger, as he paused to gather more information about something he saw? Knowing this answer would benefit various applications in video summarization...