to the editor: The article on the risk of cancer in patients with benign breast disease by Hartmann et al. (July 21 issue) 1 contains some questionable assumptions. “Atypical ductal hyperplasia” and “lobular hyperplasia,” shown in Figure 1E and Figure 1F of the article, do not belong in the category of benign breast disease. Experienced pathologists know that the differentiation of the so-calle...

Passive smoking causes approximately 50 000 deaths annually in the United States, with the vast majority of these deaths due to heart disease.1 The effects of secondhand smoke on many pathophysiological mediators of coronary artery disease are nearly as large as those of active smoking, including impaired platelet function,2 damage to vascular endothelium and its associated repair mechanisms,3 ...

in the united states, 40 – 50% of the men and women 50 years of age or older regularly use multivitamin/mineral (mvm) supplements, making the annual sales of these supplements over $11 billion. however, the question remains whether using mvm supplements is beneficial to health. this article reviews the results of randomized studies of mvm supplements and individual vitamins/mineral supplements ...

abstracthydatid disease is a widespread parasitic infection caused by tapewormechinococcus and it affects mainly the liver, but other organs such as pelvic organscould be involved very rare. here we report a case of hydatid cyst with involvementof oviduct in a woman with endometrial cancer. it was misdiagnosed as a multicysticright ovarian mass before surgery and by microscopic study it was sho...

Supplementary Figure 1 Annotated isoforms in human and mouse genomes. Supplementary Figure 2 Estimates of  using single‐end reads. Supplementary Figure 3 Steps of MISO statistical inference procedure Supplementary Figure 4 Evidence for exon size‐dependent qRT‐PCR bias. Supplementary Figure 5 MISO estimation for 52 alternative exons in breast cancer tissue. Supplementary Figure 6 mRNA‐Seq data...

Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases [2, 3]. Globally, there were reported 12.7 million new cases of cancer in 2008 (6,639,000 in men and 6,038,000 in women) and 7.6 million deaths due to cancer (4,225,000 in men and 3,345,000 in women) [4, 5]. Cancer is not a modern disease, but as cancer risk increases steeply with age, it is more common nowa...

Lee and Saif urged for new effective methods for early diagnosis of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma, emphasizing that at the time of initial presentation, the majority of patients have non-resectable tumours [1]. Also, Li and Saif, in their thorough overview of current advancements in the management of the disease, summarized that pancreatic cancer requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic approa...

In a recent analysis based on the 2008 worldwide estimates of cancer compiled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, Lyon, France)1, it was estimated that 529,512 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer corresponding to an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 15.4/100,000 and 274,967 women died of the disease, with an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 7.8/100,0...