INTRODUCTION Current methods for measuring patient adherence to long-term oxygen therapy fail to measure the actual amount of time the patient is inhaling oxygen and the pattern of oxygen use within the day. We have developed a novel oxygen-adherence monitor to address these limitations, and this report introduces the monitor and provides preliminary data validating its use. METHODS This batt...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used in adults following failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass, after cardiac surgery or in cases of severe respiratory failure. Knowledge of the different types of ECMO circuits, expected locations of cannulas and imaging appearance of complications is essential for accurate imaging interpretation and diagnosis. Commonly en...

The complexity of ruminant digestion necessitates a greater variety and complexity of experimental methods than with any other species. The fact that dietary ingredients are first subjected to microbial fermentation requires elaborate measures to ascertain nutrients presented for absorption. Numerous approaches have been attempted to obtain representative samples of digesta at sites throughout ...

In most circumstances, a nasal route for the delivery of pulmonary aerosol medications is rarely considered; however, in specific instances, this route may be quite useful. Consider, for example, the delivery of aerosol treatments during humidified high-flow nasal cannula use in pediatric critical care, or continuous aerosol delivery via cannula for medications with short durations of action. T...

The diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the aorta below the subclavian artery is being made with increasing frequency. Although the majority of patients with this injury will die immediately, it has been estimated that 10 to 15% may reach hospital alive and survive long enough for surgical treatment to be undertaken. Surgical treatment necessitates the clamping of the aorta above and below the ru...

OBJECTIVE To determine if peripheral intravenous cannula dead space is taken into account when setting up intravenous infusions (in particular nitrate infusions) in the emergency department. METHOD A postal survey of UK emergency departments. RESULTS Of the 143 (58%) of UK departments who responded, only 15% reported priming the cannula before commencing the nitrate infusion. CONCLUSIONS ...

The authors describe a newly developed expandable cannula to enable a more efficient use of an endoscope in removing intraparenchymal spontaneous hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. The cannula is introduced like a conventional brain cannula, using neuronavigation techniques to reach the targeted hematoma accurately, and, once deployed, conventional microsurgical techniques are used under dir...