For every permutation where 4 is before 5, there is a matching permutation where 5 is before 4, obtained by swapping 4 and 5. That’s a 1-1 correspondence between the two sets of permutations, so they must have the same size, and partition the set of all permutations into two halves. Since all permutations are equally likely, the total probability for the event (4 is before 5) equals the probabi...

The edgelets produced by the Canny edge detector are first thresholded to reduce weak clutter. Beginning from an edgelet, we track along connected neighbours to get a list of edgelets. If one edgelet has more than two neighbours, we check all possible extensions of the curve, and segment the curves on a largest-first basis, breaking the others to form separate curves. This removes small spurs e...

-A novel way of matching two images with shifting transformation is studied. The approach is based on the presentation of the virtual edge current in images, and also the study of virtual electromagnetic interaction between two related images inspired by electromagnetism. The edge current in images is proposed as a discrete simulation of the physical current, which is based on the significant e...

A new fuzzy edge detector based on uninorms is proposed and deeply studied. The behaviour of different classes of uninorms is discussed. The obtained results suggest that the best uninorm in order to improve the edge detection process is the uninorm Umin, with underlying Lukasiewicz operators. This algorithm gets statistically substantial better results than the others obtained by well known ed...

In this paper, an efficient method for personal identification based on the pattern of human iris is proposed. It is composed of image acquisition, image preprocessing to make a flat iris then it is converted into eigeniris and decision is carried out using only reduction of iris in one dimension. By comparing the eigenirises it is determined whether two irises are similar. The results show tha...

Monitoring ephemeral gullies facilitates water planning and soil conservation. Artificial interpretation based on high spatial resolution images is the main method for monitoring ephemeral gullies in large areas; however, this method is time consuming. In this study, a semiautomatic method for extracting ephemeral gullies in loess hilly areas based on directional edge detection is proposed. Fir...

There are a large number of application fields where measurements deriving from digital images can assume a great relevance. Nevertheless, to make a profitable use of such measurements, it is indispensable to achieve a complete and quantitative control on uncertainties that real systems introduce along the chain of steps going from real-world objects to the results of the measurement process. T...

In this paper we present a method based on the fuzzy Hough transform to locate the iliac crests in posteroanterior radiographs. Firstly, a Canny edge detector is applied to the X-ray images in order to obtain an edge map. Then, the fuzzy Hough transform is used in combination with several constraints extracted from our domain knowledge. At the bottom of the radiograph we search for two circular...

In this paper, we present a technique for grouping line segments into convex sets, where the line segments are obtained by linking edges obtained from the Canny edge detector. The novelty of the approach is twofold: first we define an efficient approach for testing the global convexity criterion, and second, we develop an optimal search based on dynamic programming for grouping the line segment...

Edge identification is one of the key issues of computerized picture, in this paper, we might examine different systems for edge location and should expand and think about every one of them. There will be some scientific morphology technique and a few traditional edge recognition administrators are checked on. This paper gives strategies, for example, Canny administrator and scientific morpholo...