The «information age» has changed profoundly the way we generate, store and exchange information, of interaction within between individuals, institutions, societies entities. research aims to define frameworks collection, usage, storage distribution information for better understanding legal ethical responsibilities states citizens concerning application technologies at social political relatio...

Before 1800 all societies, including England, were Malthusian. The average man or woman had 2 surviving children. Such societies were also Darwinian. Some reproductively successful groups produced more than 2 surviving children, increasing their share of the population, while other groups produced less, so that their share declined. But unusually in England, this selection for men was based on ...

There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the relationship between income inequality and health within nations and between nations. On the latter topic Wilkinson and others believe that, in the advanced capitalist countries, higher income inequality leads to lowered social cohesion which in turn produces poorer health status. I argue that, despite a by-now voluminous literature, not enough...

BACKGROUND A range of evidence suggests that the dominant culture associated with the economic systems of 'modern' societies has become a major source of pressure on global resources and may precipitate a third revolution in human history, with major implications for health and well-being. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to consider whether there are historical analogies with contemporary circumsta...

Why do the advanced capitalist societies, while thoroughly infused with market institutions and political norms supporting free choice and voluntary exchange, nevertheless provide most educational services throught the state? In our book, Schooling in Capitalist America (Bowles & Gintis, 1976), Samuel Bowles and I argued that this anomaly is easily understood if we interpret schools as fundamen...

All sovereign societies on earth can be put roughly into two categories: developed and under-developed countries. The developed countries, including the United States, Canada, most of west Europe countries, Japan and Australia, are all free capitalist society with a well functioned democratic government and a free market economic system. The under-developed countries, including Russia and east ...

Economists have heralded the formulation of the expected utility theorem as a universal method of choice under uncertainty. In their seminal paper, Stigler and Becker (Stigler & Becker, 1977) declared that “human behavior can be explained by a generalized calculus of utility-maximizing behavior” (p.76). The universality of the rational choice theory has been widely criticized by psychologists, ...