it is proved that acidic soft drinks that are commonly used, have an adverse effect on dental structures, and may deteriorate oral heath of our patients and orthodontic appliances. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of yoghurt drink with other soft drinks on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.seventy-five first premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were sel...

Introduction: In the search for life on Mars nearsurface soil environments may be important habitats for life accessible to future missions. Serpentinite rocks have been documented on Mars [1], as well as other clay minerals including smectite and kaolinites [2, 3]. Previous studies of soils formed on serpentinites on Earth have documented the formation of extensive clays, including smectite [4...

Aqueous concentrations of nickel in the southern component of San Francisco Bay (South Bay) have periodically exceeded the water-quality criteria (8.2 ppb Ni) established in accordance with the EPA’s Clean Water Act. Nickel-rich serpentinite formations around the San Francisco Bay-estuary, particularly South Bay, are eroded, transported and accumulated in estuarine sediments, providing a natura...

The aqueous alteration of ultramafic rocks through serpentinization liberates mantle carbon and reducing power. Serpentinization occurs in numerous settings on present day Earth, including subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, and ophiolites and has extended far into Earth’s history, potentially contributing to the origins and early evolution of life. Serpentinization can provide the energy and r...

Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages. This study analyzed the caffeine contents of 56 national-brand and 75 private-label store-brand carbonated beverages using high-performance liquid chroma...

This study evaluated, in vitro, the effect of iron (previously exposed with enamel powder or added directly to the beverage) on the erosive potential of carbonated or decarbonated beverage. Four sets of experiments were done. For groups E1 and E3, a solution containing 30 mmol/L FeSO4 was added to bovine enamel powder (particles between 75-106 mm) before exposure to the carbonated or decarbonat...

BACKGROUND Bottles containing carbonated drinks are potentially hazardous to the eye. In this study, we aimed to document the clinical characteristics and visual outcomes in a series of patients with ocular injury from flying metal caps of carbonated mineral water bottles. METHODS Retrospective review of ocular injuries due to metal caps of carbonated mineral water bottles. RESULTS Sixteen ...

Caffeine is a natural substance present in leaves and seeds of many plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the caffeine level in the carbonated drinks from the Romanian market. For this survey were taken 30 samples of different carbonated drinks. The caffeine was determined and quantified using a HPLC with diode array detector at 206 nm. The caffeine retention time was at 17.785 minutes. ...

Microstructural characteristics and biocompatibility of a Type-B carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) coating prepared on NiTi SMA by biomimetic deposition were characterized using XRD, SEM, XPS, FTIR and in vitro studies including hemolysis test, MTT cytotoxicity test and fibroblasts cytocompatibility test. It is found CO(3)(2-) groups were present as substitution of PO(4)(3-) anions in HA crystal l...