Abstract The effects of particle size on the apparent kinetics carbothermal reduction process phosphate rock were studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyses. Phosphate various was reacted with coke and silica under high purity argon atmosphere. kinetic model parameters reaction different sizes derived combination model-free (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Tang, Starink) m...

Single crystalline tin oxide (SnO2) nanowires have been synthesized by carbothermal reduction of SnO2 nanopowder followed by thermal evaporation of the reduced precursor and growth via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism. The nanowires are deposited on single crystalline TiO2 substrates of orientations of (100) and (110) that are coated with a thin film and colloids of gold (Au) catal...

Plasma milling results in more reactive sites and a larger contact area between WO3 nanoparticles C atoms, simultaneously generats oxygen vacancies defects on the surfaces of respectively via plasma discharge as describe article, number 2200175 by Zhongchen Lu co-workers. Thus, reaction temperature for carbothermal reduction reduces significantly milling.