Two new triterpenoid saponins, maetenosides A and B were isolated from the aerial parts of Maesa tenera and were respectively defined as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl camelliagenin A 22-O-angelate (1) and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1--...

Plant actuators move organs, allowing the plant to respond to environmental cues or perform other mechanical tasks. In Cardamine hursuta the dispersal of seeds is accomplished by explosive opening of the fruit. The biomechanical mechanism relies on a complex interplay between turgor regulation and cell wall mechanical properties.

BACKGROUND Porphyra tenera (Kjellman, 1897) is the most common eatable red seaweed in Asia. In the present study, P. tenera volatile oil (PTVO) was extracted from dried P. tenera sheets that were used as food by the microwave hydrodistillation procedure, after which the characterization of its chemical constituents was done by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy and its antioxidant potenti...

Neonesidea tenera and four new species (N. plumulosa, N. holdeni, N. bacata, N. edentulata) are described from scrapings of spur and groove habitats on French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands. Some anatomical details have potential taxonomic significance for the genus Neonesidea, including the caudal setae of the carapace, the masticatory apparatus, and the antennal claw.