Adiponectin is an endogenous insulin-sensitizing hormone which has been found to regulate energy metabolism throughout the body, including the heart. However, low levels of adiponectin are found in patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Thus it has been suggested to be an independent predictor for cardiovascular risk. Paradoxically, recent studies have also determined...

Despite efforts to elucidate its pathophysiology, ischemia-reperfusion injury lacks an effective preventative intervention. Because transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) is functionally expressed by many cell types in the cardiovascular system and is involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, we decided to assess its suitability as a targ...

The oxygenation process is essential for life and cellular activity, and therefore for physical exercise. During physical exercise an oxidative stress situation is produced, which can result in cellular oxidation and alterations in the immune system, causing cells to age prematurely. To prevent this, it is recommended to use high concentrations of antioxidants to minimize this process. The phen...

Based on the literature data, we present current information about frequency, main spectrum, and prognostic value of cardiovascular complications SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have highlighted in detail variants disorders case patients with infection caused by concomitant diseases hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, virus-associated myocarditis, heart failure. ...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have shown cardioprotective and renoprotective properties. These agents are recommended as first-line therapy for the treatment of hypertension and the reduction of cardiovascular risk. Early studies pointed to the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of ARBs in high-risk patients. The ONgoing Telmi...

Mounting evidence highlights the role of adipose tissue in the development of a systemic inflammatory state that contributes to obesity-associated vasculopathy and cardiovascular risk. Circulating mediators of inflammation participate in the mechanisms of vascular insult and atheromatous change, and many of these inflammatory proteins are secreted directly from adipocytes and adipose tissue–der...

The controversy over the cardiovascular risks of cox-2 inhibitors stems from 2 main trials: VIGOR and CLASS. These two trials were designed to assess the gastrointestinal safety of rofecoxib (Vioxx) and celecoxib (Celebrex), respectively. From these trials, it was observed that the cox-2 inhibitors had a higher number of cardiovascular events than the NSAIDS that they were paired against. For e...

In patients with diabetes, impaired ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13) proteolysis of highly thrombogenic von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers may accelerate renal and cardiovascular complications. Restoring physiological VWF handling might contribute to ACE inhibitors' (ACEi) reno- and cardioprotective effects. To assess how Pro618Ala AD...

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a pharmacologically active component isolated from the rhizome of the Chinese herb Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), has been clinically used in China and Southeast Asian countries for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) for about fifty years. The pharmacological effects of TMP on the cardiovascular system have attracted great interest. Emerg...

Recall appropriate therapeutic recommendations with respect to cardiovascular and gastrointestinal patient risk factors. Educational Objectives strated a reduced risk of gastrointestinal mucosal injury. However, there appears to be a delicate balance between the ability to protect the gastric mucosa and the effect on thrombotic events. Although selective COX-2 inhibitors appear to protect the g...