Objective(s): Cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia (CHI) is a neurological disease where impaired hippocampus electrical activity and cognition caused by a serial pathophysiological events. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic oral administration of grape seed extract (GSE) on passive avoidance memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) after permanent bilateral common carotid arteries...

The main cause of ischemic stroke is the atherosclerotic lesions carotid arteries. Unlike other arteries, arteries have unique anatomical structure and hemodynamic characteristics, which are significantly related to occurrence atherosclerosis.
 Thus, a proper understanding functional anatomy, local hemodynamics their relationship with process can improve quality early diagnosis treatment a...

abstract: adequate processing of tissues before histologic slices is necessary for preparation of proper histologic sections in animal studies. fixation is one of the most important and early laboratory stages of tissue processing. amount of penetration time of fixator material, into deep layers and central portions of hard tissues, is important factor for prevention of cell lysis. the purpose ...

The carotid is a small mass of chemoreceptor's and sustentacular cells that detects changes in the composition of the arterial blood. The aim of the present study was to identify the size, color, location, blood and nerve supply of the carotid body in Makouei sheep. Fourteen heads of sheep from both sexes were collected from Urmia public slaughter-house. The exact situation and nerve supply of ...

BACKGROUND Trifurcation of the common carotid artery is an unusual variation. CASE REPORT We report a case of left common carotid artery trifurcation in a 74-year-old man. The left common carotid artery divided into the internal carotid, external carotid and facial arteries. Herein, the anatomy of the carotid arteries and the Doppler sonography and CT angiography findings of the left common c...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a principal cause of stroke and myocardial infarction. The carotid arteries provide a site at which progression of atherosclerosis can be monitored reproducibly and noninvasively. This study was conducted to determine the similarity of atherosclerotic plaques in the left and right carotid arteries. This question was explored with the use of perfusion-fi...

· Posterior Circulation Two vertebral arteries originate from the first part of the subclavian arteries. These join intra-cranially to form the basilar artery and supply the posterior cerebral circulation. This is the main blood supply to the brain stem, cerebellum and posterior cerebrum. · Anterior Circulation Both internal carotid arteries arise from the carotid bifurcation in the neck. Intra...

this is retrospective double-blind research, which was carried out in imam khomeini hospital in order to study the accuracy of color doppler ultrasonography for detecting the site and grade of stenosis in cervical carotid artery. 40 patients with mean age of 62 years studied with color doppler before dsa angiography. the most common sites of stenosis were left internal carotid (39.5%) and right...

Duplex ultrasound is currently used both for screening and for preoperative assessment of the carotid arteries and has completely replaced carotid angiography for the latter purpose in many institutions. The study aimed to identify resistivity index abnormalities in the common carotid arteries in patients with occluded or severely stenosed internal carotid arteries. Sixteen patients with severe...