It is unclear whether the different histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma have different risk factors. We investigated the relationships between selected epidemiologic variables (i.e., parity, family history of ovarian cancer, oral contraceptive use, a history of tubal ligation and noncontraceptive estrogen use) and the major histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer in a h...

There is renewed interest in the relationship between birth weight and type 2 diabetes. Previous casecontrol studies (1) of elderly European residents showed a linear association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes. More recent cohort studies (2) in Pima Indians have shown a U-shaped curve between birth weight and diabetes, where both low and high birth weight were shown to increase th...

During the twentieth century, Austin Bradford Hill researched diseases and their causes in England and developed the Bradford Hill criteria, which comprise the minimal requirements that must be met for a causal relationship to be established between a factor and a disease. Hill also suggested that researchers should randomize clinical trials to evaluate the effects of a drug or treatment by mon...

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They were reported to have vasculoprotective properties like a reduction in carotid artery intima-media thickness progression (1) but may also reduce bone formation and favor bone loss (2,3). The decoy receptor osteoprotegerin, a member of the receptor activator of nuclear factorB ligand/osteoprotegerin system...

Given how infrequent this observation has been in our cohort of patients, we propose that a large-scale study with a nested casecontrol design would be necessary to determine whether this clinical observation is representative of a true association. Unfortunately, such a study would be expensive and difficult to carry out, especially because AERD itself is so rare and patients with AERD having ...

Genetic Correlation Between Schizophrenia and Epilepsy Neuropathological, clinical, and epidemiological data suggest that schizophrenia and epilepsy are associated.1 Reported estimates of the prevalence of schizophrenia among people with epilepsy vary, depending on phenotypic definition, but may be around 7%.2 One hypothesis to account for the relationship is that the 2 diseases share a common ...

This panel presented data on host genes that influence susceptibility to or manifestations of four infectious diseases: Puumala hantavirus infection, tuberculosis (TB), Lyme disease, and AIDS. Gus Birkhead, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, introduced the session, highlighting its timeliness in relation to the rapidly emerging body of data on our 100,000 human genes that stems f...

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of survival data and conditional logistic regression analysis of matched case-control data are methods that are widely used by epidemiologists. Standard statistical software packages accommodate only log-linear model forms, which imply exponential exposure-response functions and multiplicative interactions. In this paper, the authors describe methods...

Methods: This was a prospective, analytical, cross-sectional casecontrol study. The study sample comprised 22 eyes from 11 patients and 33 eyes from 17 patients in the case and control groups respectively. RNFLT was measured with a model 3000 OCT unit (Stratus OCT-3TM, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). The fast RNFL protocol was used, which consists of three consecutive 3.4 mm-diameter circ...