BACKGROUND Main objective of this study was to investigate the invasive activity of the liver fluke, Pseudamphistomom truncatum against the Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) and was exemplified at the gross, light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) levels. METHODS The study was done on a freshly dead Caspian Seal in the southern coast of Caspian Sea. The checked Caspian seal probably bein...

Extraction and transportation of oil in the Sea are one of the pollution sources in the Seawater. Caspian Sea contains about 100000 million barrels of oil. It also contains over 35000 millions cubic meter of flue gas. Daily extractions of crude oil and gas and transportation of them are the main pollution sources of the Caspian Sea. Many truck to carry goods and oil tankers to carry oil from po...

The Ponto-Caspian mysid shrimp Hemimysis anomala was found in Ireland for the first time in April 2008. During 2009 it was found throughout most of the Shannon River Navigation (~250km) occurring in swarms at estimated densities of ~6 per litre in shallows and in lower densities at depths of ~20m where its distribution overlaps with the native Mysis salemaai. Broods were found from March to Sep...

a Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States b U.S. Geological Survey and Climate Hazards Group, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States c Department of Geography and Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States d Marine Science Institute, University of Cal...

Iran’s security is affected by a broad region that includes the Caspian Basin, Central Asia, Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf states, Pakistan, Turkey, and the Middle East. However, an increased focus on the countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), as well as Iraq, on the one hand, and with members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (including Yemen) on the other, provides a na...

This paper is focused on the discussion of the exact age, and environmental setting of the ‘Khvalynian’ Transgression of the Caspian Sea with the use of novel radiometric, isotopic evidence and GIS-linked modelling. Based on this evidence the Khvalynian transgression is viewed as coeval with the warm Late Glacial episodes in the higher latitudes, reaching its peak at 13.6 11.8 ka. During that p...

The Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN) study is implemented in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2003. The aim of this national school- based surveillance program was to provide accurate data of regular surveys of this program to be reviewing methodology, protocols, data collection and questionnaires of these surveys. Information wa...