Events are elusive entities; as the authors of [7] argue, even human annotators do not agree on what is an event and what is its boundary in terms of the extension of its participants, temporal and geospatial extent, etc. More aspects of events appear when trying to recognize or extract them from text: polarity of speaker’s judgment on events, negation, modality, relations (temporal, causal, de...

T his paper investigates the existence of possible spillover effects among four main asset markets namely foreign exchange, stock, gold, and housing markets in Iran from 2002:03 to 2015:06. For this purpose, we have exploited Sigma-Point Kalman Filter (SPKF) to extract the bubble component of assets prices in the aforementioned Markets. Then, in order to analyze the price bubbles spi...

We consider examples of the H-type groups with the natural horizontal distribution generated by the commutation relations of the group. In the contrast with the previous studies we furnish the horizontal distribution with the Lorentzian metric, which is nondegenerate metric of index 1 instead of a positive definite quadratic form. The causal character is defined. We study the reachable set by t...

This study aims to improve the performance of identifying grammatical functions between an adnoun clause and a noun phrase in Korean. The key task is to determine the relation between the two constituents in terms of such functional categories as subject, object, adverbial, and appositive. The problem is mainly caused by the fact that functional morphemes, which are considered to be crucial for...

1 Nonlinear Causality, with Applications to Liquidity and Stochastic Volatility Abstract The conditional Laplace transform is often easier to use in financial data analysis than the conditional density. This paper characterizes nonlinear causality hypotheses for models based on the conditional Laplace transform and provides interpretations of the linear and quadratic causality in this framework...

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we aim to shed light on the need to distinguish French causal connectives which convey a semantic relation from those which convey a discourse relation. Next, we aim to put forward an analysis of coordination of causal relations, in comparison with coordination of facts. While the latter is well-known, the former has nearly never been studied.

Discourse markers ('cue words') are lexical items that signal the kind of coherence relation holding between adjacent text spans; for example, because, since, and for this reason are different markers for causal relations. Discourse markers are a syntactically quite heterogeneous group of words, many of which are traditionally treated as function words belonging to the realm of grammar rather t...

We present a framework for reformulating sentences by applying transfer rules on a typed dependency representation. We specify a list of operations that the framework needs to support and argue that typed dependency structures are currently the most suitable formalism for complex lexico-syntactic paraphrasing. We demonstrate our approach by reformulating sentences expressing the discourse relat...

the research argues that the ending divine attributes of the quranic verses are related semantically to the verses’ theme. according to the content of the quranic verses, supported by some commentators, the ending divine attributes of the verses have such a deep semantic relationship with the verse content that if we abandon the ending attributes, some disorder is made in the verse theme. this ...

This report reviews the conceptual and theoretical links between Granger causality and directed information theory. We begin with a short historical tour of Granger causality, concentrating on its closeness to information theory. The definitions of Granger causality based on prediction are recalled, and the importance of the observation set is discussed. We present the definitions based on cond...