Combination therapy is an emerging strategy that is under intensive preclinical investigation for the treatment of various diseases. CD98 is highly overexpressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells and macrophages in the colon tissue with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is usually associated with mucosal damage and inflammation. We previously proved that CD98 siRNA (siCD98)-induced down-regulati...

The CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) regulates virus-induced cell fusion and monocyte fusion, and is involved in amino acid transportation. Here, we examined the role that CD98hc plays in the formation of osteoclasts using CD98hcflox/floxLysM-cre peritoneal macrophages (CD98hc-defect macrophages). Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with co-cultured with osteoblasts in the presence of 1,25(OH)2 vit...

Oncocytic L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 may be a prognostic indicator and target of new molecular therapeutic agents against malignancies. To investigate whether LAT1 expression influence the outcomes of patients with bile duct cancer, the expression of LAT1, LAT2, CD98, and Ki-67 was investigated immunohistochemically in 134 surgically resected bile duct adenocarcinomas, including 84 d...

The heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs) are composed of two polypeptides: a heavy subunit (HSHAT) and a light subunit (LSHAT) linked by a disulfide bridge. HSHATs are N-glycosylated type II membrane glycoproteins, whereas LSHATs are nonglycosylated polytopic membrane proteins. The HSHATs have been known since 1992, and the LSHATs have been described in the last three years. HATs represen...

Objective: Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the relatively good prognosis of patients with an HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and one of these is a higher sensitivity to (chemo)radiation. Previous studies have suggested that treatment failure in OPSCC patients is caused by resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The purpose of this study was to evaluat...

Microglia, once assimilated to peripheral macrophages, in gliomas has long been discussed and currently it is hypothesized to play a pro-tumor role in tumor progression. Uncertain between M1 and M2 polarization, it exchanges signals with glioma cells to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment and stimulates cell proliferation and migration. Four antibodies are currently used for microglia/...

O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET is a well-established method increasingly used for diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring in gliomas. Epileptic activity, frequently occurring in glioma patients, can influence MRI findings. Whether seizures also affect 18F-FET PET imaging is currently unknown. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the brain amino acid me...