j J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006;13:30–39. DOI 10.1197/jamia.M1888. Clinical Document Architecture, Release One (CDA R1), became an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)– approved Health Level 7 (HL7) Standard in November 2000, representing the first specification derived from the HL7 Reference Information Model (RIM). CDA, Release Two (CDA R2), became an ANSI-approved HL7 standard in May 2...

j J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006;13:30–39. DOI 10.1197/jamia.M1888. Clinical Document Architecture, Release One (CDA R1), became an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)– approved Health Level 7 (HL7) Standard in November 2000, representing the first specification derived from the HL7 Reference Information Model (RIM). CDA, Release Two (CDA R2), became an ANSI-approved HL7 standard in May 2...

In this paper we present a new loop transformation technique called Computation Decomposition and Alignment (CDA). Computation Decomposition rst decomposes the iteration space into ner computation spaces. Computation Alignment subsequently, linearly transforms each computation space independently. CDA is a general framework in that linear transformations and its recent extensions are just speci...

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of B lymphocytes. Interferons (IFNs), especially of the alpha (alpha) subtype, have shown a significant antitumor effect in HCL patients. However, the therapeutic effect of IFN-alpha is still rather limited. The purine analogue 2-chlorodeoxy-adenosine (2-CdA) was reported recently to be an effective agent in the treatment of HCL. In th...

BACKGROUND Chlorproguanil-dapsone-artesunate (CDA) was developed as an affordable, simple, fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination therapy for use in Africa. This trial was a randomized parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to compare CDA and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) efficacy in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and further define the CDA safety profile, particularly i...

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to characterize the concentration-time course of cladribine (CdA) and its main metabolite 2-chloroadenine (CAde), estimate interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics (PK), and identify covariates explaining variability in the PK of CdA. METHODS This population PK analysis was based on the combined dataset from four clinical studies in patients with mul...

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) explores the role of discourse structures in constituting social inequality. Metaphorical structure, however, has received relatively little attention in explicit CDA. The paper aims to redress this by developing a coherent theoretical framework for CDA and metaphor. This framework adopts conceptual blending theory over conceptual metaphor theory, where the lat...

The purine nucleoside analogues 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) and 2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-DCF) induce complete remission (CR) in the majority of patients with hairy cell leukemia. However, minimal residual disease (MRD) has been detected in bone marrow core biopsies using immunohistochemical techniques in patients achieving CR by conventional criteria. This study was designed to compare the pre...

PURPOSE Because cytidine deaminase (CDA) is the key enzyme in gemcitabine metabolism, numerous studies have attempted to investigate impact of CDA status (i.e. genotype or phenotype) on clinical outcome. To date, data are still controversial because none of these studies has fully investigated genotype-phenotype CDA status, pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome relationships in gemcitabine-trea...

Reactive oxygen species generate many lesions in DNA, including R and S diastereomers of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cdA) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cdG). Herein, the result of replication of a plasmid containing S-cdA in Escherichia coli is reported. S-cdA was found mutagenic and highly genotoxic. Viability and mutagenicity of the S-cdA construct were dependent on functional pol V, bu...