The development of e-Government in China could be traced back from 1980s1. In the metropolis like Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, the e-Government systems has already been upgraded to the last stage, Stage 3: Enabling Constituents, according to the roadmap to effective e-Government2. In other words, the systems and websites in these cities are supposed to deal with most administrative work onli...

With circular economy being high on governmental agendas, there is an increasing request from governing bodies for circularity measurements. Yet, currently existing macro-level monitoring frameworks are widely criticized not able to inform the decision-making. The criticism includes, among others, a lack of consensus terminologies and definitions scholars, politicians, practitioners, supporting...

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for studying the use of geo-information and associated technology in government. We first review how geo-information, geo-information technology and people—notions central to geo-information use—are conceptualized in the literature and show that authors view these notions through two contrasting lenses, a market and a polis lens. We the...

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for studying the use of geo-information and associated technology in government. We first review how geo-information, geo-information technology and people—notions central to geo-information use—are conceptualized in the literature and show that authors view these notions through two contrasting lenses, a market and a polis lens. We the...

This study concentrates on designing a medical waste management system with a hierarchical structure, including a local government and a waste management planner. The upper-level seeks to design and control the waste management facilities by minimizing the environmental risks related to the disposal of medical waste. While the lower-level model is to determine the waste collection plans by only...

many medical universitiesaround the world have donestunning changes in the recent years.some of these changes have been performed with the support of international organizations.they changed the traditionaltrainingprograms based on teacher- centered learning and disciplined approach to the educational course based on community needs responsivity and student-centered learning. this process is ai...