Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare cancer that confined to the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges and eyes. The origin of this type of lymphoma is often type B lymphocytes, and because the central nervous system (CNS) has no lymph nodes or lymphatic vessels, the cause of PCNSL is still uncertain (1). But its source appears to be from lymphocytes located in the CNS (2). Thi...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease, which is considered as a common autoimmune disorder in young adults. A growing number of evidences indicated that the impairment in non-neural tissues plays a significant role in pathology of MS disease. There are bidirectional relationship, metabolic activities and functional similarity between central nervous system (CNS) and k...

Nigella sativa (NS) (Ranunculaceae family) is generally utilized as a therapeutic plant all over the world. The seeds of the plant have a long history of use in different frameworks of medicines and food. In Islamic literature, it is considered as one of the greatest forms of therapeutics. It has been widely used to treat nervous system diseases such as memory impairment, epilepsy, neurotoxicit...

Thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme which has key roles in coagulation cascade and inflammatory events. The pro-inflammatory functions of thrombin occur by different mechanisms including increasing mast cell degranulation, up-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and promoting the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Dysregulated signaling functions of thro...

Chagas disease reactivation in HIV-positive people is an opportunistic infection with 79 to 100% mortality. It commonly involves the central nervous system (CNS).

thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme which has key roles in coagulation cascade and inflammatory events. the pro-inflammatory functions of thrombin occur by different mechanisms including increasing mast cell degranulation, up-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules (cams) and promoting the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. dysregulated signaling functions of thro...

Magnetic nanoparticles possess unique properties distinct from other types of developed for biomedical applications. Their magnetic and multifunctionalities are especially beneficial central nervous system (CNS) disease...

meningioma is usually a benign central nervous system (cns) tumor. metastasis is rare; however if it does occur the most metastatic sites are the liver and lungs. here, two cases of cns meningioma with metastasis to cervical lymph nodes are reported. the first case, a 48 year-old man developed cervical lymph node metastasis nine years after primary tumor diagnosis. the second case, a 23 year-ol...

Introduction: Meningioma is the most frequent primary tumor in central nervous system (CNS), representing 33.8% of all intracranial tumors. Breast cancer (BC) among women, 25.2% malignancies females.

In the past few years, a renowned interest in interplay between immune system and central nervous systems (CNS) has sparked wealth of new experimental studies. Two recent publications Science shed light on “resident” cell populations CNS their functions homeostasis pathological status, with potential implications understanding disease mechanisms designing “intelligent” therapies.