Various concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) produced dose dependent relaxations of isolated, helical preparations of human cerebral arteries and these responses were blocked by atropine. The median effective concentration (EC50) of ACh was 6.1 +/- 0.2 X 10(-6)M. ACh produced dual responses in isolated dog cerebral arteries. ACh in low concentrations produced relaxation, and contraction occurr...

Background and Purpose: The relation between serum total cholesterol levels and stroke is controversial. The Akita Pathology Study provides data on the association of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and distribution of stenosis in cerebral arteries. Methods: The data are based on 750 autopsied men aged 30 years and older who were admitted to a local hospital in northeast Jap...

Abstract: A chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular illness known as Moya Moya, sometimes “hazy puff of smoke,” involves bilateral stenosis or occlusion the proximal sections anterior cerebral arteries and Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCAs) well terminal portion Internal Carotid (ICAs). The internal carotid artery becomes progressively occluded stenotic in an idiopathic illness. 34 year old woman with ...

An accessory middle cerebral artery is one variation of the intracranial vasculature that may be a source of misinterpretation by clinicians dealing with cerebrovascular diseases. We report a case of an elderly female found to have bilateral accessory middle cerebral arteries, who presented with the rupture of an aneurysm of the anterior part of the circle of Willis. Accessory middle cerebral a...

Responses to K(+), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and acetylcholine (ACh) of isolated adrenal, femoral, middle cerebral, and renal arteries from fetal [110--145 days gestational age (dGA, term approximately 148 dGA)] and 0- to 24-h newborn (NB) lambs were evaluated using the technique of wire myography. Responses at distinct developmental ages for each vascular bed were compared. In all arteries sensitiv...

Sildenafil (Viagra), a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), induces headache and migraine. Although previously supposed to be a "vascular" headache, no significant cerebral artery dilatation was found in vivo. Thus, we hypothesised that PDE5 may not be present or that sildenafil is less effective on the cGMP hydrolysis in cerebral arteries, and that sildenafil may not be an effect...

BACKGROUND Hypertension is associated with arterial hyperreactivity, and endothelin (ET) receptors are involved in vascular pathogenesis. The present study was performed to examine the hypothesis that ET receptors were altered in cerebral and coronary arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cerebral and coronary arteries were removed from SHR. Vascula...

The responses of baboon cerebral and extracerebral arteries to prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated on isolated arteries and in vivo by serial angiography. Both PGH2 and PGI2 could produce dose-dependent contraction or relaxation of isolated arteries. PGH2 induced relaxation was indicative of prostacyclin synthetase activity, the enzyme which converts PGH2...

We previously reported that NADPH oxidase activity is greater in intracranial cerebral versus systemic arteries of the rat. Here, we first tested whether NADPH oxidase activity is also greater in intracranial cerebral than systemic arteries of three other animal species, i.e., mouse, rabbit, and pig. Second, using Nox2-deficient mice, we evaluated the involvement of Nox2-containing NADPH oxidas...

This study was performed to determine whether sympathetic stimulation reduces or redistributes cerebral blood flow. Total and regional cerebral blood flows were measured with the use of microspheres. Left stellate and superior cervical ganglia were stimulated electrically in anesthetized dogs. Sympathetic stimulation did not alter blood flow to ipsilateral cerebrum, cerebellum, or brainstem. Re...