Background & Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. The present study aimed to investigate the apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) production of endothelial cells treated with serum of patients with MS and response to interferon beta (IFN- ) therapy. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated wit...

The concept of the neurovascular unit emphasizes that common signals and substrates underlie the physiology and pathophysiology of neuronal and endothelial compartments in brain. Recent data suggest that activation of the integrin-associated protein CD47 promotes neuronal cell death. Is it possible that CD47 may also negatively affect cerebral endothelial cells? Exposure of wild-type primary mo...

Neural information processing depends critically on the brain’s energy supply, which is provided in form of glucose and oxygen blood. Regulation this supply occurs by smooth muscle contractile pericytes adjusting diameter arterioles capillaries, respectively. Controversies exist over relative importance capillary arteriolar level control, whether enzymatically generated signals or K+ ions are d...

objective: in this investigation murine embryonic stem (es) cells were differentiated into endothelial cells. materials and methods: murine es cells (cce cell line) exposed to alpha-mem medium containing 10% fbs for 4 days. then obtained flk-1 (flk-1: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) positive cells were cultuted in endothelial growth medium-2 (egm-2) until the last day of experime...

Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are nonhematopoetic mononuclear cells in peripheral blood that are dislodged from injured vessels during cardiovascular disease, systemic vascular disease, and inflammation. Their occurrence during cerebrovascular insults has not been previously described. Epileptic seizures cause the long-term loss of cerebrovascular endothelial dilator function. We hypothe...

In cerebral circulation, epileptic seizures associated with excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate cause endothelial injury. Heme oxygenase (HO), which metabolizes heme to a vasodilator, carbon monoxide (CO), and antioxidants, biliverdin/bilirubin, is highly expressed in cerebral microvessels as a constitutive isoform, HO-2, whereas the inducible form, HO-1, is not detec...

Objective(s): To investigate the effect of miR-103 on the angiogenesis of ischemic stroke rats via targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the molecular level. Materials and Methods: Rat models had received the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation before grouping, and cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were performed. FITC-dextran, matrigel, and ...

The chemoattractant stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are key modulators of immune function. In the developing brain, SDF-1 is crucial for neuronal guidance; however, cerebral functions of SDF-1/CXCR4 in adulthood are unclear. Here, we examine the cellular expression of SDF-1 isoforms and CXCR4 in the brain of mice receiving systemic lipopol...

pediatric neurological disorders including muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury are defined as a heterogenous group of diseases, of which some are known to be genetic. the two significant features represented for stem cells, leading to distinguish them from other cell types are addressed as below: they can renew themselves besides the ability to differentiate into cells wi...

background: the role of nitric oxide (no) of endothelial or neuronal origins in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries are far from being settled, extending from being important to not having any role at all.    objective: to investigate the role of no of endothelial and neuronal origins in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in focal cerebral ischemia, l-name, a non selective no synthase inhibit...