The ectocervix is the part of uterus which plunges into apex vagina. A stratified squamous epithelium covers it. endocervical canal, establishes communication between vagina and endometrial cavity, paved with a mucous secreting glandular epithelium. Because acidity vagina, these two epithelia undergo metaplasia. Some oncogenic factors do ignite instead dysplasia. CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 correspond to ...

In a prospective study of women with dysplasia, a superficial sampling biopsy of the cervix was carried out as a periodic check of the cytological findings. The relationship of smear and biopsy results was evaluated, as well as the effect of the biopsy procedure on the subsequent course of dysplasia. We found sufficiently close agreement between smear and biopsy results to conclude that smears ...

Aims Detection of E6 and E7 mRNA transcripts has been shown to be of higher prognostic value for the evaluation of the precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma than the detection of HPV DNA in a number of pilot studies [1-3]. In particular in low grade lesions, HPV DNA testing has poor discriminating power as to the progression of CIN, thus leading to considerable overtreatment with ensuing cost...

The present study aims to investigate the expression levels of two critical mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream effectors, 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) proteins, in precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancer of the uterine cervix, and their association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status. Uterine cervical biopsi...

background: early detection and screening have been successful in reducing mortality in some countries, but not in others. this is most of due to poor management and implementation of inappropriate policies. all of patients with cervical cancer are in developing countries. the effectiveness of screening for cancer of the cervix in these countries is dramatic. it seems that after 50 years pap sm...

  Background and Objective: Microscopic evaluation of cervicovaginal smears (Pap smear) plays an essential role in detection of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of uterine cervix. A wide spectrum of changes is seen in Pap smears. Interpretation of intermediate changes which resulting in observation of so- called ASCUS is difficult. ASCUS is defined as a cellular change that is more marked ...

The Pap test diagnosed cervical dysplasia, which could recover to normal or progress to cervical cancer (CC), is an early stage of cell abnormality before CC. This case-control study analyzed the differences in the risk to develop CC between Chinese medicine (CM) users and nonusers among women who had ever been diagnosed as having cervical dysplasia. A total of 750 CC patients with a cervical d...