Pixel Detectors, as the current technology of choice for the innermost vertex detection, have reached a stage at which large detectors have been built for the LHC experiments and a new era of developments, both for hybrid and for monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel detectors is in full swing. This is largely driven by the requirements of the upgrade programme for the superLHC and by other colli...

The possible role of magnetic anomalies on Mars in gravitational enhancement of separation of charged dust is considered. It is known that charges become spatially separated by differential transport and gravitational sedimentation because the charge polarity of particles of dust depends on the particle size—where smaller particles are negatively charged and larger particles are positively char...

Thermally induced particle flow in a charged colloidal suspension is studied in a fluid-mechanical approach. The force density acting on the charged boundary layer is derived in detail. From Stokes' equation with no-slip boundary conditions at the particle surface, we obtain the particle drift velocity and the thermophoretic transport coefficients. The results are discussed in view of previous ...

High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology (1). Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications are ocular malignancies, tumors of the base of the skull, hepatocellular carcinomas, and various sarcomas (2). The physical characteristics of the charged particles (Bra...

This chapter reviews the recent progress in aggregation of colloidal particles with long-range interactions, including simple colloids and polyelectrolytes. The relevant interactions between colloidal particles, including Born repulsion, van der Waals, electrostatic, structural solvation, hydrophobic hydrodynamic interactions and attraction between like-charge colloids, charge nonuniformity, an...

We have established a single cell irradiation system, which allows selected cells to be individually hit with defined number of heavy charged particles, using a collimated heavy-ion microbeam apparatus at JAERI-Takasaki. This system has been developed to study radiobiological processes in hit cells and bystander cells exposed to low dose and low dose-rate high-LET radiations, in ways that canno...

A charged system search algorithm (CSS) is applied to the optimal cost design of water distribution networks. This algorithm is inspired by the Coulomb and Gauss’s laws of electrostatics in physics. The CSS utilizes a number of charged particles which influence each other based on their fitness values and their separation distances considering the governing law of Coulomb. The well-known benchm...

The use of charged particle therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly, in large part because the exquisite dose localization of charged particles allows for higher radiation doses to be given to tumor tissue while normal tissues are exposed to lower doses and decreased volumes of normal tissues are irradiated. In addition, charged particles heavier than protons have substantial potential c...

In order to control aggregation phenomena in suspensions of nanoparticles, one often charges the particles electrically , e.g. by triboelectric charging. Stabilization of suspensions against aggregation of particles is an important issue, which may be realized by monopolar charging,where particles repel each other. Contrarily, bipolar charging may be used in coating processes, where smaller par...