Using an individual panel data set to control for student fixed effects, we estimate the impact of charter schools on students in charter schools and in nearby traditional public schools. We find that students make considerably smaller achievement gains in charter schools than they would have in public schools. The large negative estimates of the effects of attending a charter schools are neith...

The Belfast Medical Society – a forerunner of the Ulster Medical Society – was founded in 1806. Following the Act of Union, in 1801, Ireland lost its own Parliament but Dublin remained the administrative capital of the country. Indeed, at that time, many regarded Dublin as the second city in the Empire. It was only natural that all the seats of learning – University and College – had been estab...

The unanimous decision by the Supreme Court of Canada to order the Federal Minister of Health to exempt Vancouver’s supervised injection site from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act is a major public health victory for Canada. It will save lives, decrease crime, improve health services, decrease transmission of HIV and hepatitis C, reduce the health and social burden and most likely the so...

1. The Principle of Self-Determination Towards the end of the first world war, a “principle of self-determination” was proposed as a foundation for international order. In the words of its chief advocate, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, it specified that the “settlement of every question, whether of territory, of sovereignty, of economic arrangement, or of political relationship” is to be made “...

The Canadian Supreme Court held that the right of parents to choose or refuse medical treatment for their children based on religious beliefs is not a liberty included in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The parents of S.B., a premature infant, consented to all medical treatment except blood transfusions, to which they objected as Jehovah's Witnesses. Because of a potentially life-t...

BACKGROUND Despite some empirical findings on the usefulness of citizen's charters on awareness of rights and services, there is a dearth of literature about charter implementation and impact on health service delivery in low-income settings. OBJECTIVE To gauge the level of awareness of the Charter within Nepal's primary health-care (PHC) system, perceived impact and factors affecting Charter...

A relatively small state, Utah presents an interesting case to study charter schools given its friendly policy environment for charter schools and its significant growth in both the number and the enrollment of charter schools. Although the population in Utah is increasingly diverse, charter school enrollment reflects a significantly lower portion of students of color and students from low-inco...

the world was different when the ottawa charter for health promotion was released 30 years ago. concerns over the environment and what we now call the ‘social determinants of health’ were prominent in 1986. but the acceleration of ecological crises and economic inequalities since then, in a more complex and multi-polar world, pose dramatically new challenges for those committed to the original ...