An electronic nose composed of small, inexpensive chemical sensors would have many potential applications in areas such as breath analysis, hazardous gas detection and industrial process monitoring. An electronic nose, in anology to a biological nose, consists of an array of non-specific chemical sensors. With pattern recognition, the system can recognize individual chemicals or scents. Capacit...

The main scientific problems of chemical bonding were solved half a century ago, but adequate philosophical understanding of chemical combination is yet to be achieved. Chemists routinely use important terms (“element,” “atom,” “molecule,” “substance”) with more than one meaning. This can lead to misunderstandings. Eliminativists claim that what seems to be a baseball breaking a window is merel...

An open-access software for creating a unique, text-based identifier for reactions (RInChI) was developed by the Goodman group at the University of Cambridge, based on the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) standard. RInChIs describe the substances (reactants, products, reagents and solvents) participating in a reaction with their respective InChIs. The structure of RInChIs is anal...

in order to investigate effect of application of nitroxin and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components, split plot experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted. four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (n1: 100% chemical fertilizer, n2: 75% chemical fertilizer + 100% biological fertilizer, n3: 50% chemical fertilizer + 100% biologi...