This work investigates the sulfate and chloride resistance of cement composites (mortar concrete) manufactured using electrolyzed water. Control water-based were prepared distilled water 30 min water, respectively. These exposed to 5% Na2SO4, 3.5% NaCl, a combined mixture Na2SO4 NaCl solution for 200 days. Additionally, rebar reinforced control samples ambient air 180 days, their corrosion pote...

Chemical warfare agents are toxic weapons and emergency prehospital medical care providers should be well prepared, trained, and equipped to give response. Personnel need to be aware of the following medical issues regarding prehospital management of a chemical attack, event recognition, incident medical command and control, safety and protection, decontamination, isolation of the incident area...

I am pleased that the two articles on Airport Remediation following a Chemical Terrorist Attack are being published in the Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment since that will make them available to a larger audience and facilitate updating. Agency guideline reports tend to be shelved and forgotten and the two articles in this report should avoid that fate since they are much more th...

In the event of a chemical terrorist attack on a transportation hub, post-event remediation and restoration activities necessary to attain unrestricted facility re-use and re-entry could require hours to multiple days. While timeframes are dependent on numerous variables, a primary controlling factor is the level of pre-planning and decision-making completed prior to chemical release. What foll...

Plants under attack by pathogens and pests can mount a range of inducible defences, encompassing both chemical and structural changes. Although few reports exist, it appears that plants responding to pathogen or herbivore attack, or chemical defence elicitors, may produce progeny that are better able to defend themselves against attack, compared with progeny from unthreatened or untreated plant...

detection and modification of the risk factors of stroke may be the most effective strategy for preventing its often irreversible consequences. a longitudinal prospective study was implemented to evaluate the effect of several risk factors on the course of cerebrovascular disease. the study groups were composed of 3s8 normal volunteers, and 308 patients with transient ischemic attacks. the two ...

This paper describes an approach for developing threat models for attacks on control systems. These models are useful for analyzing the actions taken by an attacker who gains access to control system assets and for evaluating the effects of the attacker’s actions on the physical process being controlled. The paper proposes models for integrity attacks and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and ev...