in this paper, the effects of input temperature and compression ratio on the net output work and efficiency of the air standard cycles, i.e. atkinson cycle, diesel cycle and otto cycle are analyzed. we assumed that the compression and power processes are adiabatic and reversible and any convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer to cylinder wall during the heat rejection process may be ...

Largest satellite of Saturn and the only in the solar system having a dense atmosphere, Titan is one of the key planetary bodies for astrobiological studies, due to several aspects. (i) Its analogies with planet Earth, in spite of much lower temperatures, with, in particular, a methane cycle on Titan analogous to the water cycle on Earth. (ii) The presence of an active organic chemistry, involv...

Stable isotopes (Deuterium and Oxygen-18) have a broad application in many of water related sciences. Precipitation is the most important input to the water cycle which shows considrable spatial and temporal variability in its isotope content. To study the precipitation isotope content, 51 samples from August 2015 to July 2016 have been collected mainly on a monthly basis with few events based ...

Life on Earth must originally have arisen from abiotic chemistry. Since the details of this chemistry are unknown, we wish to understand, in general, which types of chemistry can lead to complex, life-like behaviour. Our recent work has shown that the inclusion of thermodynamic principles in simple artificial chemistry models can result in the selforganisation of autocatalytic cycles. In this p...

Protein domain dynamics and electron transfer chemistry are often associated, but real-time analysis of domain motion in enzyme-catalysed reactions and the elucidation of mechanistic schemes that relate these motions to the reaction chemistry are major challenges for biological catalysis research. Previously we suggested that reduction of human cytochrome P450 reductase with the reducing coenzy...

[1] A single-column chemistry and climate model has been used to study the impact of deforestation in the Amazon Basin on atmospheric chemistry. Over deforested areas, daytime ozone deposition generally decreases strongly except when surface wetness decreases through reduced precipitation, whereas nocturnal soil deposition increases. The isoprene and soil nitric oxide emissions decrease althoug...

There has always been a strong relationship between chemists’ understanding of chemical phenomena and the associated external representations. It is thus common wisdom that visualization tools should play a prominent role in the chemistry discovery cycle, and they do indeed. But looking at them with a non-chemist’s eye reveals that they implement some interesting visualization ideas, but fall s...

POLICY ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IS INFORMED BY CLIMATE MODEL projections as described most recently in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The models used are general circulation models (GCMs), which numerically represent the physical climate system in three dimensions, including the hydrological cycle. These are complemented by recently de...

[1] We assess the response of atmospheric CO2 ( pCO2) and ocean chemistry to carbon perturbations, placing modern carbon‐cycle sensitivity in the context of the Cenozoic. We use the carbon‐cycle model LOSCAR to study the effect of perturbations over the past 67 Ma. Our results indicate that atmospheric CO2 and surface ocean pH were slightly more sensitive to carbon perturbations during the Mioc...