The mean lethal dose of patulin for the chicken embryo injected in the air cell before incubation was determined to be 68.7 mug and that for the 4-day-old embryo was 2.35 mug. Both patulin (1 to 2 mug/egg) and the reaction mixture between patulin and cysteine (15 to 150 mug of patulin equivalents) were teratogenic to the chicken embryo. At least two ninhydrin-negative and four ninhydrin-positiv...

Chicken embryo fibroblasts secrete a 72 kDa progelatinase that displays all of the characteristics of a matrix metalloproteinase. Employing reverse-transcription PCR and degenerate oligonucleotide primers that are specific for two highly conserved sequences found in all matrix metalloproteinases, a DNA fragment specific for the chicken gelatinase was generated. Using this PCR product as a probe...

DNA from chicken embryo nucleosome tetramers (about 760 base pairs in size) was enriched for tRNA genes by RPC-5 chromatography. The enriched DNA was hybridized with chicken embryo total tRNA and the hybridized DNA isolated utilizing a) avidinbiotin interaction, b) diazobenzyloxymethyl paper, and c) high temperature RPC-5 chromatography. The obtained single stranded DNA highly enriched for tRNA...

Methenamine salts have been traditionally used in the veterinary and human medicine, but its use is sometimes associated with some side effects.Toxicopathological effects of methenamine salt have always been a major concern. There is scantly information available about the lesions of methenamine compound in embryo. The objective of this study was to determine the teratogenic effects of methenam...

Effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the aconitine-induced arrhythmias of the isolated cardiac tissues of the chicken embryo, the toad and the golden carp is studied by a microelectrode technique. TTX in a dose of 10-8-10-7 g/ml antagonized the aconitine-induced rapid firing in the chicken embryo ventricle, the toad atrium and the golden carp atrium. TTX was much more potent than lidocaine in exerti...

Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-derived retroviral vectors have allowed for efficient gene transfer into the chicken embryo which is a classical model for studying vertebrate development. Current evidence reveals that this method can be used for regionally restricted expression, inducible expression, and for interfering with endogenous gene function, suggesting that gain-of-function and loss-of-functi...

miRNAs (microRNAs) are small, functional, non-coding RNAs and have been proved to implicate in regulation of diverse biological processes ranging from cell differentiation to organism development. With the purpose of exploring the roles of miRNAs on chicken embryo sexual determination and gonadal differentiation, we cloned and identified the stem-loop precursor structure (GenBank accession no. ...

Viruses of the Russian tick-borne encephalitis complex have been reported to proliferate in chicken embryo tissue culture of Maitland type (17, 18). Recent studies on louping-ill virus have demonstrated it, s cytopathogenic effect in monolayer cultures of HeLa cells (16), Detroit 6 cells (22), and pig kidney cells (23). No eytopathogenicity has been shown with RSSE virus in skin-muscle tissue c...

With the rapid development of graphene synthesis and functionalization approaches, graphene and its related derivatives have shown great potential in many applications in material science, including biomedical applications. Several in vitro and in vivo studies clearly showed no definitive risks, while others have indicated that graphene might become health hazards. In this study, we explore the...