background: glutathione s-transferases ( gsts ) have been investigated as potential carcinoma susceptible genes. however, the relationship between gsts ( gstm1 , gstt1 ) variants and gastric carcinoma (gc) risk has been controversial in chinese population. methods: a comprehensive literature search strategy (pubmed, chinese biomedical database, chinese national knowledge infrastructure, wan fan...

Research indicates that non-commercial and informal university–industry interactions, which are defined as academic engagement, account for a larger part and play a more important role than commercialization in academic knowledge transfer in China. This paper aims to explore the effect of Chinese scientists’ individual differences on academic engagement via social cognitive theory. This study a...

The rootes of Chinese sage, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (labieteae) are used to prepare an important traditional medicine in the Chinese pharmacoepia, Dan Shen. Indeed, related members of this genus are common traditional medicines throughout the world, making Salvia species the targets of intense phytochemical investigations. The active constituents of these species have been reported to be seve...

since the evidence for direct maritime trade between the sassanid empire and china is exiguous, it has often been asserted that there was no direct sea commerce between these two countries. scholars claim that there is nothing to prove direct chinese sailings to iran before islam and say that direct sea commerce between them was occurred during early islamic period. based on the historical, arc...

some believe that ancient mythological and literary texts solely aimed to amuse and entertain, and were sprouted from their feelings and thoughts, and do not regard the study of the ancient and mythological stories as having the definiteness and clarity which science is known for it. hence, this is why mythological stories in reality convey the beliefs, nature, attitudes and the extent of human...

traditional medicines, according to the world health organization, are defined as “the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the beliefs, theories, and experiences indigenous to different cultures that are based and developed historically. due to the increasing uses of traditional medicines worldwide, it seems that cognition of their principles and foundations are necessary....

 ABSTRACT Background: It is well recognized that different patients respond in different ways to medications. The inter-individual variations are greater than the intera- individual variations, a finding consistent with the notion that inheritance is a determinant of drug responses. The recent identification of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters led to the ...

Background: Niu Huang Jie Du Pian (NHJDP) is a widely used realgar-containing Chinese medicine remedy. Most brands are composed of eight ingredients: Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Xionghuang (realgar), gypsum (calcium sulphate), Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Jugeng (Platycodon grandiflorum), Bingpian (borneol), and Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae uralensis, licorice ro...

introduction: heavy ions are nucleus of elements of iron, argon, carbon and neon that all carry positive electrical charges. for these particles to be useful in radiotherapy they need to accelerated to high energy by more than thousand mega volts. also the cosmic environment is considered to be a complicated mixture of highly energetic photons and heavy ions such as iron. therefore, the health ...